cell structure Flashcards
what are cells?
cells are the basic building blocks of all living organisms
what is a tissue
a group of cells with similar structures and work together to perform a specific function
what is an organ
an aggregation of tissues performing specific functions
what are organs organised into
organ systems, which work together to form organisms
what do all eukaryotic cells have
(plant and animal cells)
cell membrane, cytoplasm and genetic material enclosed in the nucleus
which are smaller in size: eukaryotic cells or prokaryotic cells
prokaryotic cells are smaller
function of a cell wall in plant cells
keeps plant upright and keeps the cell rigid and prevents it from bursting. permeable
function of the cell membrane
controls what goes in and out the cell. it is partially permeable
function of mitochondria
where aerobic respiration takes place. releases energy for chemical reactions
function of the nucleus
contains DNA which controls what happens in the cell
function of ribosome
protein synthesis (making of proteins)
function of chloroplast
contains chlorophyll which absorbs light for photosynthesis and is a green pigment
vacuole
contains cell sap
what do eukaryotic cells have which prokaryotic cells dont
a nucleus
where is DNA stored in a bacterial cell
DNA loop
what features do all prokaryotes share with all eukaryotes
cytoplasm, cell membrane, ribosome
function of flagellum
for movement
function of slime coat
protection from other viruses and bacteria
function of plasmids
transfer genes from one bacterial cell to another
examples of specialised cells in animals
sperm cells, red blood cells, nerve cells and muscle cells
examples of specialised cells in plants
root hair cells, phloem cells, xylem cells
what is the specialization process of cells called
differentiation
when does differentiation occur in animals
at an early stage when the organism is still an embryo
what happens to the cells in an animal once it is mature
most of the cells only divide for repair or replacement
what can stem cells do
differentiate throught a plants life
difference between animal and plant cells during cell differentiation
most animal cells differentiate at early stages, but plant cells can differentiate throughout their lives
function of acrosome in a sperm cell
has digestive enzymes which break down the outer layer of an egg cell
function of tail in a sperm cell
tail helps the cell move towards the egg to fertilise it
why does the sperm cell have a lot of mitochondria
to release energy so it can move its tail and swim towards the egg
magnification definition
how much larger an image is compared to real life
resolution definition
the ability to distinguish two points on an image
equation linking magnification, object and image
size of image = magnification x size of real object
name pieces of laboratory equipment needed to prepare cells to view using a microscope
cover slip, iodine solution, microscope slide
what does the fine focusing adjustment on a microscope do?
makes the image clearer
compare structure of a red blood cell with the structure of a plant cell
Red blood cell has no nucleus, where as plant cells do. Red blood cells have no cell wall where as plant cells do. red blood cells are much smaller than plant cells. Plant cells contain chlorophyll where as red blood cells do not Both plant and red blood cells have a cell membrane and cytoplasm
