cell structure

Question 1

what are cells?

Answer 1

cells are the basic building blocks of all living organisms

Question 2

what is a tissue

Answer 2

a group of cells with similar structures and work together to perform a specific function

Question 3

what is an organ

Answer 3

an aggregation of tissues performing specific functions

Question 4

what are organs organised into

Answer 4

organ systems, which work together to form organisms

Question 5

what do all eukaryotic cells have
(plant and animal cells)

Answer 5

cell membrane, cytoplasm and genetic material enclosed in the nucleus

Question 6

which are smaller in size: eukaryotic cells or prokaryotic cells

Answer 6

prokaryotic cells are smaller

Question 7

function of a cell wall in plant cells

Answer 7

keeps plant upright and keeps the cell rigid and prevents it from bursting. permeable

Question 8

function of the cell membrane

Answer 8

controls what goes in and out the cell. it is partially permeable

Question 9

function of mitochondria

Answer 9

where aerobic respiration takes place. releases energy for chemical reactions

Question 10

function of the nucleus

Answer 10

contains DNA which controls what happens in the cell

Question 11

function of ribosome

Answer 11

protein synthesis (making of proteins)

Question 12

function of chloroplast

Answer 12

contains chlorophyll which absorbs light for photosynthesis and is a green pigment

Question 13

vacuole

Answer 13

contains cell sap

Question 14

what do eukaryotic cells have which prokaryotic cells dont

Answer 14

a nucleus

Question 15

where is DNA stored in a bacterial cell

Answer 15

DNA loop

Question 16

what features do all prokaryotes share with all eukaryotes

Answer 16

cytoplasm, cell membrane, ribosome

Question 17

function of flagellum

Answer 17

for movement

Question 18

function of slime coat

Answer 18

protection from other viruses and bacteria

Question 19

function of plasmids

Answer 19

transfer genes from one bacterial cell to another

Question 20

examples of specialised cells in animals

Answer 20

sperm cells, red blood cells, nerve cells and muscle cells

Question 21

examples of specialised cells in plants

Answer 21

root hair cells, phloem cells, xylem cells

Question 22

what is the specialization process of cells called

Answer 22

differentiation

Question 23

when does differentiation occur in animals

Answer 23

at an early stage when the organism is still an embryo

Question 24

what happens to the cells in an animal once it is mature

Answer 24

most of the cells only divide for repair or replacement

Question 25

what can stem cells do

Answer 25

differentiate throught a plants life

Question 26

difference between animal and plant cells during cell differentiation

Answer 26

most animal cells differentiate at early stages, but plant cells can differentiate throughout their lives

Question 27

function of acrosome in a sperm cell

Answer 27

has digestive enzymes which break down the outer layer of an egg cell

Question 28

function of tail in a sperm cell

Answer 28

tail helps the cell move towards the egg to fertilise it

Question 29

why does the sperm cell have a lot of mitochondria

Answer 29

to release energy so it can move its tail and swim towards the egg

Question 30

magnification definition

Answer 30

how much larger an image is compared to real life

Question 31

resolution definition

Answer 31

the ability to distinguish two points on an image

Question 32

equation linking magnification, object and image

Answer 32

size of image = magnification x size of real object

Question 33

name pieces of laboratory equipment needed to prepare cells to view using a microscope

Answer 33

cover slip, iodine solution, microscope slide

Question 34

what does the fine focusing adjustment on a microscope do?

Answer 34

makes the image clearer

Question 35

compare structure of a red blood cell with the structure of a plant cell

Answer 35

Red blood cell has no nucleus, where as plant cells do. Red blood cells have no cell wall where as plant cells do. red blood cells are much smaller than plant cells. Plant cells contain chlorophyll where as red blood cells do not Both plant and red blood cells have a cell membrane and cytoplasm