Respiration Flashcards
Define respiration?
(chemical) reactions that breakdown, (named) nutrient(s) ;
to, release / transfer, energy ;
inside cells ;
Define anaerobic respiration?
the release of a relatively small amount of energy ;
by the breakdown of glucose ;
in the absence of oxygen/without oxygen ;
chemical eq. for aerobic respiration?
(same products for yeast+ humans)
chemical eq. for anaerobic resp?
End products of anaerobic respiration inyeast?
CO2
ethanol
why does it take time for oxygen consumption level to return to resting value after exercise?
oxygen debt ;
(during exercise) oxygen not supplied fast enough (from lung/ heart) ;
to muscles ;
anaerobic respiration occurred during exercise ;
lactic acid produced ;
builds up in muscle/ not carried away fast enough in blood ;
extra oxygen required after exercise ;
lactic acid is, broken down/respired/ oxidised/ converted to glucose ;
Why does oxygen consumption increase in the start of the exercise?
) increase in muscle contraction ;
increase in demand for, energy / ATP ;
increase in rate of respiration ;
aerobic respiration ;
heart beats faster / breathes faster or breathes deeper ;
Why is lactic acid conc different in trained athletes and untrained athletes?
in trained cyclists
lower anaerobic respiration/more aerobic respiration ;
less lactic acid produced (during exercise) ;
because more oxygen supplied to muscles ;
less oxygen debt ;
less oxygen required, to oxidise/ breakdown, lactic acid ;
(breakdown) to glucose/ carbon dioxide and water ;
quicker, removal/ breakdown, of lactic acid ;
appropriate comparative data quote with units ;
effect of increasing levels of effort on the average lactic acid concentration in
the blood of untrained athletes?
increase in, time/ exercise intensity / effort, increase in lactic acid
concentration ;
increase is, steady / proportional ;
after exercise lactic acid concentration continues to increase ;
after exercise/ near end of exercise, concentration levels
off /
How lactic acid produced in muscle cells and enters the blood and how is it transported?
enters through diffusion. transported in blood plasma.
Why is lactic conc in blood much greater when running at the
faster speed?
Effect of exercise on breathing?
muscle ;
respires faster ; R breathes faster (as this is for MP1)
idea that more, energy / ATP, released / needed ;
aerobic respiration ;
idea that requires more oxygen ; A ref to more oxygenated
blood
idea that remove more carbon dioxide ;
change to breathing maintains
pH of blood ;
oxygen concentration ;
carbon dioxide concentration ;
prevents (much) anaerobic respiration occurring ;
prevents build up of, lactic acid / lactate ; R removes
prevents oxygen debt ;
Why does the athlete have a high ventilation rate after exercise?
requires more oxygen ;
oxygen debt ;
lactic acid produced during exercise ;
(as a result of) anaerobic respiration ;
not enough oxygen supplied, to muscles (during running) ;
lactic acid lowers pH of blood ;
high concentration of carbon dioxide in blood ;
from aerobic respiration ;
(carbon dioxide) detected by, brain / receptors ;
(carbon dioxide) stimulates high ventilation rate ;
(carbon dioxide) increases depth of breathing ;
lactic acid is, broken down / respired / converted to glucose ;
ref. to homeostasis
Describe what happens to the blood vessels and sweat glands at the beginning of the
run and during the run.
at start of run
vasoconstriction;
(constriction / AW) of arterioles ; A arteries
decrease in supply of blood to skin capillaries ;
ref. to shunt vessels ;
to increase supply of blood to muscles ;
no / little sweat ;
later as body temperature increases
vasodilation ;
(relaxation / AW) of arterioles ; A arteries
increase in supply of blood to skin capillaries ;
(causes) loss of heat ;
by, conduction / convection / radiation ;
increase in blood flow to sweat glands ;
increase production of sweat ;
loss of heat by evaporation ;
Effect of strenuous physical activity on the blood pH?
pH decreases.
Increased rate of anaerobic respiration. More CO2 production in the plasma.
Forms carbonic acid
Anaerobic respiration occurs during strenuous exercise, lactic acid is produced.
