Human Hormones

Question 1

Effect of glucagon on liver cells?

Answer 1

Stimulates liver cells to break down glycogen and release glucose

Question 2

Why glycogen needs to be converted glycogen for storage?

Answer 2

Glucose is soluble
It would lower the water potential
Water will leave cell through osmosis
Glycogen can be stored for much longer and in larger quantity
Glucose would also not be reabsorbed in the kidney and would be excreted.

Question 3

Explain what would happen to the insulin in the stomach if it was swallowed as a tablet?

Answer 3

will be digested by protease since all hormones are made of proteins

Question 4

How other than by the nervous system are organs connected?

Answer 4

Thorough Hormones
Chemical messengers
Secreted into the blood
Stimulates target cells or organs

Question 5

Effect of adrenaline on an athlete’s performance?

Answer 5

heart rate increases
breathing rate increases
airway expands
heighten alertness
vasodilation in muscle to provide more oxygen for respiration to produce more energy for muscle contractions
vasoconstriction in digestive system to divert blood to muscles
glycogen in liver converted to glucose
increased blood glucose (concentration)
enhanced physical performance

Question 6

Adrenalines role in preparing the body for an extreme sport?

Answer 6

Increases pulse rate
Increases breathing rate 🫁
More oxygen taken in for aerobic respiration.
More energy 💪 released
Vasodilation, more blood to muscles /brain 🧠 so they have more oxygen
Vasoconstriction, less blood to the gut.
Stimulates breakdown of glycogen to glucose in liver.
Pupil dilates
More light into the eye 👀
Highetened sensitivity

Question 7

Importance of increased pulse rate?

Answer 7

more blood transported to muscles / lungs ;
muscle requires more oxygen ;
removes carbon dioxide from muscles ;
removes lactic acid from muscles ;
removes heat from muscles ;

Question 8

Importance of glucose conc in blood?

Answer 8

concentration of blood glucose, increases
glucose required for energy / respiration ;
for muscle, activity / contraction / to work ;