Respiration Flashcards
what is in the upper respiratory tract?
nose, nasal cavity, sinuses, pharynx
what is in the lower respiratory tract?
larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, lungs
what are smoking mechanical changes?
cilia slow-mucous not cleared-sick/cough-chronic bronchitic-rupture alveoli-COPD/emphesemia
what are smoking chemical changes?
- outer cells of bronchial lining start to divide rapidly
- ciliated cells displace
- cancerous cells break through basement membrane
what is Boyles law?
inverse relationship between volume and pressure
-inspiration: lung volume goes up, pressure down, air fills lungs
-expiration: lung volume goes down, pressure up, air exits lungs
what is tidal volume?
amount air in+out with 1 respiratory cycle
what is vital capacity?
max air you can get-deepest breath in
what is expiratory reserve?
normal exhale-amount of air you can release
what is the residual average?
1,200 mL
what is Daltons law?
the sum of individual gas pressures=760mmHg
1. H2O content goes up from inspiration-alveolar
2. O2 content goes down from inspiration-alveolar-104mmHg
3.CO2 content goes up from inspiration-alveolar-40mmHg
what factors affect diffusion across respiratory membrane?
- partial pressure of gases
- solubility (H2O not as soluble as CO2)
- membrane thickness (pneumonia)
- membrane surface area (emphysema)
what is the Bohr effect?
shift of curve to the right- lower pH, hemoglobin gives more O2
what can cause CO poisoning?
cigarette smoke, engine exhaust, furnace fumes, body in blind to the effect
what is CO poisoning?
CO competing for the same binding sit as O2, greater affinity for hemoglobin
what % of binding sites are occupied by CO in a non-smoker?
<1.5%
