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Anatomy and Physiology 2 -Exam 2 > Immunity > Flashcards

Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

what are the types of pathogens?

A

virus, bacterium, animal, fungal, protozoan

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2
Q

what is a virus pathogen?

A

DNA/RNA in a protein shell

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3
Q

what is a bacterium pathogen?

A

single-celled prokaryote

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4
Q

what is an animal pathogen?

A

multi-celled eukaryote, heterotrophic

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5
Q

what is a fungal pathogen?

A

multi-celled eukaryote, suprozoic

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6
Q

what is a protozoan pathogen?

A

single-celled eukaryote, with membrane bound organelles

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7
Q

what is innate defense?

A

first line of defense,
present prior to exposure,
not enhanced by repetition exposure, does not discriminate

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8
Q

what are the two types of specific/adaptive/acquired defense?

A

cell-mediated (immunity),
humoral immunity

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9
Q

what is cell-mediated immunity

A

intracellular, cytotoxic T-cells, helper T-cells

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10
Q

what is humoral immunity?

A

extracellular, antibody production, helper T and B-cells

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11
Q

examples of innate barriers?

A

species resistant, anatomic barriers, physiological barriers, phagocytic barriers, inflammation

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12
Q

what is species resistance?

A

disease effecting one species may not effect another

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13
Q

what are anatomical barriers?

A

skin, mucous membranes

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14
Q

what are physiological barriers?

A

pH in the stomach, interferons, enzymes

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15
Q

what are phagocytic barriers?

A

neutrophils: kill but don’t present
macrophage: kill and present
NK cells: monitor self cells for proper function, don’t present

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16
Q

what is inflammation?

A

(innate and specific) mobilizes the immune system/ WBC attack infection -good inflammation

17
Q

what are the symptoms of inflammation?

A

readness (more RBC)
heat (action happening)
swelling (fluid)
pain (nerve fibers compressed due to swelling)

18
Q

how does inflammation occur?

A

1a. leukocytes/protagladins related from injured and infected cells
1b. Vasodilation
2. margination: endothelial cells + WBC become “stickier”
3. diapedesis: WBC leave blood vessel
4. chemotaxis: WBC are drawn to site of injury
5. WBC’s phagocytize pathogens

19
Q

what is specific immunity?

A

pathogen specific, self vs. non-self, antigens elicit immune response

20
Q

what are lymphocytes?

A

T and B cells

21
Q

where do T-cells mature and house?

A

the thymus, housed in lymph nodes

22
Q

where do B-cells mature and housed?

A

the bone marrow, housed in the lymph nodes

23
Q

what are immunoglobulins?

A

(Ig) specific antibodies

24
Q

what is proliferation?

A

the process of making many copies of the “key” T-cell to an infected cell

25
Q

what are antibody actions?

A
  1. bind to antigens- agglutination, make obvious to phagocytic cells
  2. activate set of enzymes to attack antigens
  3. promote inflammation
26
Q

what is naturally acquired active immunity?

A

exposed to pathogen- antibodies

27
Q

what is artificially acquired active immunity?

A

vaccine

28
Q

what is naturally acquired passive immunity?

A

transfer of antibodies (mother-fetus, mother-child when breast feeding)

29
Q

what is artificially acquired passive immunity?

A

injection of antibodies

30
Q

what is given when antibodies don’t cut it for bacterial infections?

A

Antibiotics

31
Q

what is given when antibodies don’t cut it for viral infections?

A

antiviral drugs

32
Q

what is CRISPR?

A

drug specific ABO for certain bacteria

33
Q

what is a type 1 allergic reaction?

A

response to non-harmful substances

34
Q

what are symptoms of a type 1 allergic reaction?

A

asthma, too much IgE-histamine, hives, hay fever, anaphylactic shock

35
Q

what are symptoms of anaphylactic shock?

A

bronchoconstriction, massive vasodilation, low bp, swelling/inflammation

36
Q

what are treatments for anaphylactic shock?

A

Epinephrine: bronchodialator, vasoconstrictor, bp goes up, hr goes up, increases contraction- stroke volume goes up, bp goes up

Anatomy and Physiology 2 -Exam 2 (3 decks)

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