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Anatomy and Physiology 2 -Exam 2 > Digestion > Flashcards

Digestion Flashcards

1
Q

how many incisors do children have? (X4)

A

2

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2
Q

how many incisors do adults have? (X4)

A

2

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3
Q

how many cuspids do children have? (X4)

A

1

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4
Q

how many cuspids do adults have? (X4)

A

1

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5
Q

how many bicuspids do children have? (X4)

A

0

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6
Q

how many bicuspids do adults have? (X4)

A

2

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7
Q

how molars do children have? (X4)

A

2

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8
Q

how molars do adults have? (X4)

A

3

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9
Q

how many teeth do children have total?

A

20

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10
Q

how many teeth do adults have total?

A

32

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11
Q

why do our teeth/jaws not fit our mouths?

A
  1. jaw typically too small for 3rd molars (wisdom teeth)
  2. decrease in jaw size throughout recent human evolution
  3. as the brain got bigger, humans developed new technologies/ approaches to food
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12
Q

human evolutions of food?

A

1.cutting/utensils
2.control of fire
3.agriculture
4.pottery
(large powerful jaw was no longer selected for- shrunk)

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13
Q

what are the common monosaccharides?

A

glucose, fructose, galactose

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14
Q

what are the common disaccharides?

A

maltose, sucrose, lactose

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15
Q

what are the common polysaccharides?

A

cellulose, strach, glycogen

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16
Q

what is hydrolysis?

A

Polysaccharide-disaccharide-monosaccharide

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17
Q

what is dehydration synthesis?

A

Monosaccharide-disaccharide-polysaccharide

18
Q

what are examples of lipids?

A

fets and steroids

19
Q

what are the building blocks of sugars (carbs)?

A

C6H12O6

20
Q

what are the building blocks of lipids?

A

glycerol, and fatty acids

21
Q

what are the building blocks of proteins?

A

amino acids (DNA codes fro proteins)

22
Q

what makes up nucleic acids?

A

phosphate, sugar, base

23
Q

what varies a nucleotide?

A

the base used (A,T,G,C)

24
Q

what makes up an amino acid?

A
  1. amine group NH2
  2. central carbon
  3. carboxylic acid CO2H
  4. the side group (determines what amino acid it is)
25
Q

what connects amino acids?

A

peptide bonds

26
Q

what are the stomach secretions?

A

-Mucous cells-mucous
-Parietal cells-HCL (pH~2), intrinsic factor, vitamin B-12
-Chief cells-pepsinogen, gastric lipase

27
Q

what are the digestive enzymes?

A

Pancreatic amylase
pancreatic lipase
trypsin
nucleases

28
Q

what does the enzyme pancreatic amylase do/

A

splits glycogen into disaccharides

29
Q

what does the enzyme pancreatic lipase do?

A

breaks down triglycerides

30
Q

what does the enzyme trypsin do?

A

digests proteins

31
Q

what does the enzyme nucleases do?

A

digests nucleic acids

32
Q

what are the functions of the small intestine?

A

-receive secretions from the liver/pancreas
-complete digestion of nutrients in chyme
-enzyme secretions
-absorbs products of digestion (water+lard)
-transfer leftovers to large intestine

33
Q

what are the layers through digestion from mouth to anus?

A

1.mucosa
2.submucosa
3.muscular layer (longitudinal or circular)
4.serosa (membrane)

34
Q

what are the small intestine secretions?

A

-mucous
-sucrose, maltose, lactose (breaks bonds of disaccharides)
-peptidase (proteins)
-lipase (fats)

35
Q

how are carbs digested?

A

-amylase (enzymes from intestines/pancreas)
-absorbed by villi into blood (facilitated diffusion or active transport)

36
Q

how is protein digested?

A

-starts in the stomach (pepsin)
-completed in small intestine
-broken down into amino acids
-absorbed by villi into blood (active transport)

37
Q

how is fat digested?

A

-lipases (stomach, pancreas, intestine)
-bile to expose molecules (emulsify)
-absorbed by villi and transported to lacteal (lymph)

38
Q

what are the functions of the liver

A

-conversion
-storage
-synthesis
-secreations

39
Q

what is liver conversion?

A

glucose-glycogen
non-carbs-glucose
one AA-another

40
Q

what does the liver store?

A

glycogen, iron, vitamins

41
Q

what does the liver synthesize?

A

bile, proteins (albumin, clotting factors), lipids

42
Q

what are the functions of the large intestine?

A

-absorbs water+electrolytes (ions via active transport, water follows)
-secretes mucous
-houses intestinal flora

Anatomy and Physiology 2 -Exam 2 (3 decks)

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