Respiration Flashcards
What is glycolysis
The breakdown of glucose to pyruvate
Where is the exact location of glycolysis
Cytoplasm
What is the role of ATP in glycolysis
Phosphorylates intermediates
Why is it called the energy pay off stage
2 ATP were initially used and 4 ATP were produced so a net gain of 2 produced
Is oxygen required for glycolysis
No
What does the dehydrogenase enzyme do in both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle
Remove hydrogen ions and electrons and pass them to the coenzyme NAD to form NADH.
What does the acetyl group combine with and what does it form
Combines with coenzyme A to form acetyl coenzyme A
What happens to pyruvate in aerobic conditions
Broken down into acetyl group.
What does the acetyl group from acetyl coenzyme A combine with and what does it form
Oxaloacetate to form citrate
What happens to the citrate formed
Gradually converted back into oxaloacetate
What is the exact location of the citric acid cycle
The matrix of the mitochondria
What happens to the the electrons and hydrogen ions from NADH after the citric acid cycle
Passed onto the electron transport chain
What is the the exact location of the electron transport chain
The inner mitochondrial membrane
How is energy produced in the electron transport chain
High energy electrons are passed along the chain releasing energy
What does the energy produced allow hydrogen ions to do
Allows hydrogen ions to be pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane
How is ATP produced
The return flow of hydrogen ions through the membrane protein ATP synthase results in the production of ATP
What else is produced in the citric acid cycle
CO2
Role of oxygen in electron transport chain
Combines with hydrogen and electrons to form water.
Where does fermentation take place
Cytoplasm
What is pyruvate converted into in animals in fermentation
2 ATP and lactate
What is pyruvate converted to in plants and yeast in fermentation
Ethanol and CO2 and 2ATP
