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Biology > Gene expression > Flashcards

Gene expression Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are RNA nucleotides composed of

A

Ribose sugar, phosphate and a base

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2
Q

Differences of RNA nucleotide to DNA nucleotides

A

RNA: single stranded, has the base uracil, ribose sugar

DNA: double stranded, has base thymine and deoxyribose sugar.

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3
Q

Role of mRNA

A

carries a complementary copy of the DNA code from the nucleus to the ribosome.

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4
Q

Where is mRNA transcribed

A

Nucleus

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5
Q

Where is mRNA translated

A

Translated into proteins in the ribosome

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6
Q

What is the triplet of bases called on an mRNA molecule

A

Codon

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7
Q

What does a codon code for

A

A specific Amino acid

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8
Q

Why does a tRNA molecule fold

A

Due to complementary base pairing.

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9
Q

Role of tRNA molecule

A

Carries a specific amino acid to the ribosome

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10
Q

What is the exposed triplet of bases called on a tRNA molecule

A

Anticodon complementary to mRNA molecule

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11
Q

What forms the ribosome

A

rRNA and proteins

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12
Q

Role of RNA polymerase in transcription

A

Separates the DNA strands by breaking hydrogen bonds between the bases.
Adds completely RNA nucleotides to produce a primary transcript.

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13
Q

How is the mature mRNA transcript formed

A

RNA splicing

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14
Q

What happens in RNA splicing

A

Introns (non coding regions) removed

Exons (coding regions) joined together

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15
Q

Where does translation begin

A

At a start codon

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16
Q

Where does translation end

A

Stop codon

17
Q

How is the genetic code translated into a sequence of amino acids

A

Anticodons bond to codons by complementary base pairing.

18
Q

What joins amino acids together

A

Peptide bond

19
Q

What happens to tRNA as polypeptide formed

A

Leaves the ribosome.

20
Q

How can different proteins be expressed from one gene

A

Alternative RNA splicing where different Exons are retained to form the mature mRNA transcript.

21
Q

What is the 3D shape of protein held together by

A

Hydrogen bonds

22
Q

What determines proteins function

A

Their shape

Biology (24 decks)

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