respiration

Question 1

define the meaning of aerobic

Answer 1

aerobic means in the presence of oxygen

Question 2

define ATP

Answer 2

ATP is an adenosine triphosphate; a substance that transfers chemical energy in cells

Question 3

define ethanol

Answer 3

ethanol is an alcohol produced as a result of fermentation of sugars by yeast

Question 4

what is the definition of fermentation

Answer 4

Fermentation is a type of respiration without oxygen

Question 5

definition of glucose

Answer 5

glucose is the simple sugar used as a respiratory substrate for the production of ATP

Question 6

what is the definition of lactate

Answer 6

Lactate is a substance produced by the breakdown of glucose in the cytoplasm in respiration

Question 7

define respiration

Answer 7

respiration is the series of enzymes-controlled reactions resulting in the production of ATP from the chemical energy in glucose

Question 8

what is a respirometer?

Answer 8

A respirometer is a device to measure respiration rates in living tissue

Question 9

define yeast

Answer 9

Yeast is an unicellular fungus used commercially in brewing and baking industries

Question 10

give the function of aerobic respiration in cells

Answer 10

to release energy from food

Question 11

name the substance which muscle cells break down to produce pyruvate

Answer 11

glucose

Question 12

name the substance to which the energy released from the breakdown of glucose during aerobic respiration is transferred

Answer 12

ATP

Question 13

state the number of ATP molecules generated for each glucose molecule broken down in the absence of oxygen

Answer 13

2 ATP

Question 14

state the location of fermentation in cells

Answer 14

cytoplasm

Question 15

state the location of aerobic respiration in cells

Answer 15

starts in cytoplasm; completed in the mitochondria

Question 16

name the end product of fermentation in yeast

Answer 16

2 ATP + ethanol + CO2

Question 17

name the end product of fermentation in animal cells

Answer 17

2 ATP + lactate

Question 18

name the end product of fermentation in plant cells

Answer 18

2 ATP + ethanol +CO2

Question 19

explain why muscle cells require many mitochondria

Answer 19

requires a lot of energy or for movement

Question 20

name one substance produced by a cell carrying out aerobic respiration

Answer 20

carbon dioxide/water/ATP

Question 21

fermentation is carried out in a muscle cell when oxygen is not available.
Describe fermentation in the pathways of muscle cells

Answer 21

glucose is converted into pyruvate (1)
Pyruvate is converted to lactate acid (1)
2 ATP are produced (1)