Respiration

Question 1

voice is produced as a result of coordination among the ….

Answer 1

speech subsystems

Question 2

what are the speech subsystems?

Answer 2

respiration
phonation
resonation /articulation

Question 3

freedom to act comes from

Answer 3

energetic rest

Question 4

spectrum of movement ranges from the body’s most ______ position to its most ________

Answer 4

lax ; stiff

Question 5

freedom to act resides in the middle of the range between the extremes of

Answer 5

lax & stiff

Question 6

what does quiet tidal volume occur?

Answer 6

the middle range of lax & stiff movement energetic rest / state of release

Question 7

where does respiration for speech occur?

Answer 7

the middle range of lax & stiff movement / energetic rest / state of release

Question 8

where is it that passive forces are most closely balanced?

Answer 8

the middle range of lax & stiff movement / energetic rest / state of release

Question 9

what innervates the muscles of inhalation?

Answer 9

T1-T12 spinal intercostal muscles
C2-C3, C5-C8, CN XI posterior neck muscles
C3-C5 phrenic nerves – diaphragm

Question 10

which are the spinal intercostal muscles?

Answer 10

T1-T12

Question 11

which are the posterior neck muscles?

Answer 11

C2-3, C5-8, CN XI

Question 12

which are the phrenic nerves?

Answer 12

C3-C5

Question 13

quiet breathing is mostly done by the

Answer 13

diaphragm

Question 14

what innervates for muscles of forced exhalation?

Answer 14

T1-T12 intercostal muscles

Question 15

normally passive forces are enough for us to exhale in regular breathing (T/F)

Answer 15

true

Question 16

what is vital capacity?

Answer 16

the total amount of air that can be moved (take in and exhale)

Question 17

vital capacity will depend on

Answer 17

sex, age, and will diminish as adults get older

Question 18

where does quiet tidal volume stand in VC?

Answer 18

midrange of vocal capacity (38% - 55% VC)

Question 19

what is residual volume?

Answer 19

the air that stays int he lungs to keep them inflated.

Question 20

what happens if a patient is not getting enough air?

Answer 20

they have to put extra effort in to talking, makes it really difficult

Question 21

what happens if the patient is getting too much air?

Answer 21

they’re dipping into inspiratory reserve air so they will have too much force when speaking

Question 22

breathing for speech usually is initiated at

Answer 22

60% VC and stops at 38%

Question 23

_________ occurs near the midrange of vital capacity (38%-55%) and is the volume of air used in quiet speech

Answer 23

tidal volume

Question 24

conversational speech is initiated around ______% VC and ends around _______% VC

Answer 24

60% ; 38%

Question 25

during breathing, the greatest freedom to act occurs between ____ and ____% vital capacity.

Answer 25

38% and 55%

Question 26

movement of air occurs due to coordination of _________ and ___________ respiratory forces

Answer 26

active and passive

Question 27

active forces are

Answer 27

muscular forces

Question 28

passive forces are

Answer 28

nonvascular forces

Question 29

steps of active muscular forces respiration

Answer 29

1. during inhalation, contraction of muscles of inhalation expand the chest wall-lung unit; diaphragm flattens and chest wall gets bigger; allows more air to be sucked in
2. during forced exhalation: contraction of muscles forces chest wall to be smaller and pushes air out
3. checking action takes place

Question 30

what is checking action

Answer 30

• maintains constant sub glottal pressure over time

- allows us to have a lot of air when necessary; sustaining singing notes, long sentences, etc.

Question 31

what are the passive forces of respiration?

Answer 31

1. gravity
2. elasticity of the bone, cartilage, lungs, and connective tissue
3. pleural linkage - negative pressure

Question 32

the active forces used to expand the chest wall-lung unit during inhalation include contraction of the diaphragm and

Answer 32

external intercostal muscles

Question 33

the muscles used to contract the chest wall-lung unit during forced exhalation include the

Answer 33

internal intercostal muscles

Question 34

gravity; pleural linkage; and elasticity of bone, cartilage, lungs, and connective tissue are all ___________ forces of respiration

Answer 34

passive