Introduction & Motor Learning Theory

Question 1

what is a hypothesis & how is it conceived?

Answer 1

simple declarative statement that incorporates cause and effect and can be tested
conceived based on observation and knowledge; not assumption.

Question 2

what is critical reasoning?

Answer 2

observe behaviors, make a hypothesis, test the hypothesis

Question 3

what are the parts of the WHO model?

Answer 3

disease or disorder: (1) body function & structure, (2) activity, and (3) participation
contextual factors: (1) environmental factors, (2) personal factors

Question 4

what is considered the link between physiology and perception?

Answer 4

kinesthetic awareness

Question 5

what is kinesthetic awareness?

Answer 5

feelings the things you are doing or the state of your body by focusing your attention

Question 6

what is deliberate focus of attention? and what can it include?

Answer 6

when we consciously attend to the sensations associated with our manner of phonation, we are using deliberate focus of attention

• recognize stimuli within our attention focus
• block out the stimuli
• heightened awareness
• focus top down to override usual attention

Question 7

what does the motor learning theory state?

Answer 7

the acquisition, modification, consolidation, and habituation of an easy, efficient, and effective manner of phonation requires practice and repetition in order to integrate and then generalize the new motor pattern.

Question 8

voice is a

Answer 8

motor act

Question 9

in motor assessment, we may ask which motor components are performed with ___________? and where is the lack of ______________ between subsystems.?

Answer 9

effort; coordination

Question 10

mastery of a skilled movement suggests ________________, consistent, and rapid performance with precision and accuracy.

Answer 10

effortless

Question 11

motor learning provides a context for appreciating that the process of building an easy, efficient and effective voice is not _______________.

Answer 11

straightforward

Question 12

temporary shifts

Answer 12

when training may be going well and then there is a small failure

Question 13

overshooting is a possibility in …

Answer 13

voice training

Question 14

in voice training, the patient may take a step that’s…

Answer 14

too big or too small

Question 15

in voice training we should build the patient’s confidence to …

Answer 15

explore the range of their voice – play with your voice as a child would

Question 16

in voice training we may have hurdles that have to do with anatomical ________________. an example of this would be…

Answer 16

constraints ; male to female transgender switch: there are anatomical differences in biological men and women voices.

Question 17

in voice training there may be sufficient or a lack of awareness of ________ feedback depending on the patient.

Answer 17

sensory

Question 18

MLT stages of skill acquisition

Answer 18

1. shaping - modifying or reinforcing
2. stabilizing - accounting of temporary variability in performance
3. reinforcing accuracy - identify the range of accepted performance
4. generalizing - in more challenging situations

Question 19

motor learning theory provides a multilayered framework for voice therapy. one way this theory supports change is by ___________

Answer 19

rationalizing variability in production