Cognitive Load & Practice

Question 1

what is cognitive load?

Answer 1

when a person is fully aware of what they are doing

Question 2

high cognitive load can increase

Answer 2

difficult and production depending on the patient

Question 3

what are some factors that can adjust cognitive load?

Answer 3

• attention
• memory
• practice
• self regulating
• proportionality

Question 4

how can attention adjust cognitive load?

Answer 4

• paying attention to one or two things at the same time
• tending to what they are feeling in the vocal tract while they are free speaking (having to think about what they’re saying on the spot)

Question 5

how can memory adjust cognitive load?

Answer 5

how much you practice something determines how much memory you will have: more memory = less cog. load.

Question 6

what are some different examples of practice that can adjust cognitive load?

Answer 6

1. if the patient is just repeating after you = low cog. load
2. if you ask the patient to use resonant phonation and tell you what they did that weekend = high cog. load

Question 7

what does self regulating refer to?

Answer 7

having the patient acknowledge what everything they are doing and saying really feels like

Question 8

what does proportionality refer to?

Answer 8

what are you asking the patient to talk about

something they have to think a lot about or something that is procedural

Question 9

what is internal attention in regard to voice training?

Answer 9

focus of manner of phonation

e.g., sensory awareness of vocal tract vibration, placement of sound, flow of phonation

Question 10

what does external attention refer to in voice training?

Answer 10

focus on visual (body alignment) or auditory (the sound of voice) feedback

Question 11

what is resonance?

Answer 11

how your voice carries without increasing volume

Question 12

during voice therapy, a patient uses deliberate focus of attention to heighten awareness of______________

Answer 12

the sensations in the larynx and vocal tract

Question 13

types of memory

Answer 13

short term
long term
working
declarative
explicit
procedural or implicit

Question 14

_______________ memory is the primary component of motor learning, does not require the use of language, and is formed without awareness of remembering

Answer 14

procedural

Question 15

what is block practice & some pros/cons of using it in voice therapy?

Answer 15

drill practice

• more effective during acquisition and stabilization of a new motor pattern
• not great fro generalization

Question 16

what is random practice & some examples of how to use it in voice therapy?

Answer 16

training that varies procedures, contexts, and sequences

• using semi structured questions such as “hat did you have for dinner?” or “what is your address”? and then moving to prompts that you would need more thinking to answer
• changing conversational partners to vary emotional contexts
• practicing in different settings

Question 17

what is mental practice and is it effective?

Answer 17

it is doing or saying something in your head

yes! strength of memory trace is enhanced when imagery and
mental practice combine

Question 18

what is the forgetting hypothesis?

Answer 18

periods of rest that provide an opportunity to forget or let go of inefficient motor patterns

Question 19

what is the consolidation hypothesis?

Answer 19

information in stores

Question 19

what is the consolidation hypothesis?

Answer 19

information in stored during rest which allows for stabilization and strengthening of a motor memory trace

Question 20

random practice is useful to…

Answer 20

facilitate carryover of voice; modification techniques