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Biology > Respiration > Flashcards

Respiration Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Respiration word equation

A

Glucose + oxygen —> water + carbon dioxide + energy

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2
Q

Carbon dioxide can be detected using?

A

Limewater and hydrogen carbonate indicator

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3
Q

Limewater

A

Limewater turns colourless to milky white in the presence of carbon dioxide

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4
Q

Hydrogen carbonate indicator (bicarbonate indicator)

A

It turns from red/orange to yellow in the presence of carbon dioxide.
It turns red/orange to purple when carbon dioxide is removed

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5
Q

My red lip

A

More yellow, red is normal, less is purple

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6
Q

Why is it better to breathe through your nose than your mouth?

A

hairs in nose act as a filter and stop dust and other things getting into your airways

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7
Q

Why are ribs important

A

To protect your vital organs eg. Lungs and Heart

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8
Q

What is the function of rings of cartilage in your trachea and bronchioles

A

To stop the trachea from collapsing and to strengthen the trachea

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9
Q

What are the small hairs called cilia that line the tubes of the bronchioles for?

A

They sweep bacteria that is trapped in mucus to our mouth to swallow

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10
Q

When we inhale, what does the diaphragm do?

A

The diaphragm contracts and flattens

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11
Q

When we inhale, what do the intercostal muscles do?

A

The intercostal muscles contract, pulling the rib cage up and out

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12
Q

When we inhale, what does the volume (space inside) the chest cavity do?

A

The volume (space inside) the chest cavity increases

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13
Q

What does the volume (space inside) the chest cavity increasing cause the air pressure in the chest cavity and lungs to do?

A

It causes the air pressure in the chest cavity and lungs to decrease

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14
Q

When the air pressure decreases is it higher or lower than the atmospheric air pressure?

A

The air pressure in the lungs is now lower than the atmospheric air pressure

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15
Q

When we inhale what happens to the air we breathe in?

A

Air is drawn into the lungs from higher pressure outside to lower pressure inside

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16
Q

When we exhale, what happens to the diaphragm?

A

The diaphragm relaxes and domes up

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17
Q

When we exhale, what happens to the intercostal muscles?

A

The intercostal muscles relax and the rib cage moves down and in

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18
Q

When we exhale, what happens to the volume (space inside) the chest cavity?

A

The volume (space inside) the chest cavity decreases

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19
Q

What does the volume (space inside) the chest cavity decreasing cause the air pressure in the chest cavity and lungs to do?

A

It causes the air pressure in the chest cavity and lungs to increase

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20
Q

When the air pressure increases is it higher or lower than the atmospheric air pressure?

A

The air pressure in the lungs is now higher than the atmospheric air pressure

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21
Q

When we exhale what happens to the air we breathe in?

A

Air is forced out of the lungs from the higher pressure inside to lower the pressure outside

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22
Q

What happens to diaphragm and rib cage when we inhale and exhale

A

Inhale - the diaphragm moves down and the rib cage moves up and out
Exhale - the diaphragm moves up and the rib cage moves down and in

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23
Q

Which is more humid? Inhaled air or exhaled air

A

Exhaled air

24
Q

Does exhaled air or inhaled air contain more water?

A

Exhaled air contains more water than inhaled air

25
Q

Which gases are exchanged in our lungs?

A

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide

26
Q

Where in the lungs does gas exchange take place?

A

The alveoli

27
Q

Why do we breathe out more carbon dioxide than we breathe in?

A

Carbon dioxide is the output of the respiration reaction. Your body is using it to make energy

28
Q

Why do we breathe out as much nitrogen as we breathe in?

A

Nitrogen isn’t used or produced in respiration

29
Q

Do we use all the oxygen we breathe in?

A

No because oxygen is still present in the air we breathe out

30
Q

What features of the alveoli allow gases to pass through them easily?

A

Very thin walls
Large surface area
Lots of capillaries to allow easy transfusion of gases into the blood

31
Q

The name of the chemical in cigarette smoke that makes it addictive?

A

Nicotine

32
Q

Where does respiration occur?

A

Every cell of the body

33
Q

How does asthma develop?

A

Asthma develops when the bronchi becomes inflamed and are partly blocked by mucus.

34
Q

What does smoke contain?

A

Nicotine, tar, carbon monoxide and ammonia

35
Q

What do E liquids contain?

A

Diacetyl, nicotine and heavy metals such as lead

36
Q

What is a serious lung disease that can occur from vaping?

A

Popcorn Lung

37
Q

What is nicotine?

A

Nicotine is a colourless chemical, a powerful poison, addictive, affects heart, blood vessels and nervous system, narrows of coronary arteries and increases the risk of blood clots

38
Q

What is tar?

A

Tar is a sticky brown substance that causes bronchitis, emphysema and cancer. It stains teeth and fingers yellow and it collects in the lungs

39
Q

What is carbon monoxide?

A

Carbon monoxide is an odourless gas that binds to red blood cells better than oxygen.

40
Q

What is Ammonia?

A

Ammonia is strong smelling and is normally used as a cleaning fluid

41
Q

Glucose

A

The fuel which we get from the food we eat. It is our main fuel

42
Q

Digestive system

A

changes large insoluble food molecules into small soluble molecules that are able to be absorbed into the blood stream.

43
Q

Circulatory system

A

Carries the small soluble food molecules and oxygen to every cell in our body and takes away unwanted waste e.g carbon dioxide, via the blood

44
Q

Respiratory system

A

Oxygen is taken into our bodies via the lungs and carbon dioxide is removed. The oxygen is then absorbed into the blood, travels to the heart and is then pumped around the rest of the body

45
Q

Alveoli

A

The alveoli is a small air sac that diffuses air into the blood

46
Q

The thorax

A

Where the lungs are in the upper part of the body

47
Q

The abdomen

A

Where the lungs are protected by the rib cage and separated from the lower part of the body by the muscular diaphragm

48
Q

Larynx

A

Contains the vocal chords, which makes sound when air passes over them

49
Q

Pleural membranes

A

Thin smooth membranes cover each lung. Other membranes line the inside of the rib cage

50
Q

Ventilation

A

Getting the air into and out of the lungs

51
Q

Gas exchange

A

Getting the gases to move into or out of the blood. Gas exchange is a two way process - waste gases are removed and oxygen is absorbed

52
Q

How much oxygen we breathe in and out in the air around us

A

We breathe in 21% of oxygen in the air around us. We breathe out 16% of oxygen in the air around us.

53
Q

The amount of carbon dioxide we breathe in and out in the air around us

A

We breathe in 0.04% of carbon dioxide in the air around us. We breathe out 4% of carbon dioxide in the air around us.

54
Q

How much nitrogen we breathe in and out in the air around us.

A

We breathe 78% of nitrogen in and out in the air around us.

55
Q

How much water vapour we breathe in and out in the air around us

A

We breathe in a little bit of water vapour but we breathe out a lot of water vapour.

Biology (4 decks)

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