Genetics

Question 1

Contraception

Answer 1

Sometimes fertilisation of an egg is not always desired by a couple having sexual intercourse so they would use a method of contraception.

Question 2

Natural method

Answer 2

This depends on the woman knowing her menstrual cycle and not having sexual intercourse during the time of the month when an egg is in her oviduct.

Question 3

Chemical Contraception Methods

Answer 3

The pill contains hormones that prevent ovulation taking place. Therefore no egg is released during the women’s monthly cycle. It is taken once a day.
Contraceptive pill and contraceptive implant

Question 4

Contraceptive pill method

Answer 4

Taken regularly by the female.

Prevents ovulation by changing hormone levels.

Question 5

Contraceptive pill advantage

Answer 5

Very reliable

Question 6

Contraceptive pill disadvantage

Answer 6

Female needs to remember to take the pill. Side effects include weight gain, mood swings or an increased risk of blood clots. Does not protect against STIs

Question 7

Contraceptive implant method

Answer 7

A small tube placed under the skin of the upper arm.
Released hormones slowly over a long period of time.
Prevents ovulation

Question 8

Contraceptive implant advantage

Answer 8

Very reliable.

Can work for up to 3 years.

Question 9

Contraceptive implant disadvantage

Answer 9

Does not protect against STIs.

Can prevent menstruation

Question 10

Mechanical contraception methods

Answer 10

This relies on preventing sperm and egg meeting.

Condom and diaphragm

Question 11

Condom

Answer 11

This provides a complete barrier between the penis and the vagina to prevent sperm entering the woman’s body. It also prevent sexually transmitted infections.

Question 12

Diaphragm

Answer 12

This is a circle of rubber inserted into the top of the vagina to prevent the sperm travelling into the uterus and oviducts.

Question 13

Male condom method

Answer 13

A barrier that prevents sperm entering the vagina

Question 14

Male condom advantage

Answer 14

Easily obtained. Protects against STIs (e.g. HIV)

Question 15

Male condom disadvantage

Answer 15

Unreliable if not used properly

Question 16

Female condom method

Answer 16

A barrier that prevents sperm passing up the female reproductive system

Question 17

Female condom advantage

Answer 17

Easily obtained. Protects against STIs (e.g. HIV)

Question 18

Female condom disadvantage

Answer 18

Unreliable if not used properly

Question 19

Surgical method

Answer 19

When a couple have had as many children as they want, they may decide that one of them should have surgery to ensure that they will not have anymore. This is called sterilisation.

Question 20

Vasectomy method

Answer 20

Sperm tubes are cut preventing sperm entering the vagina

Question 21

Vasectomy advantage

Answer 21

Virtually 100% reliable

Question 22

Vasectomy disadvantage

Answer 22

Difficult or impossible to reverse

Question 23

Female sterilisation method

Answer 23

Oviducts are cut preventing fertilisation

Question 24

Female sterilisation advantage

Answer 24

Virtually 100% reliable

Question 25

Female sterilisation disadvantage

Answer 25

Difficult or impossible to reverse

Question 26

Reproduction

Answer 26

Your life began when the nucleus of your father’s sperm and the nucleus of your mother’s egg fused together. This is called fertilisation and occurred inside your mother’s oviduct. At this stage you were called a zygote. Then you began to divide into a little ball of identical cells called an embryo.