Circulatory System

Question 1

What are the three main components of the circulatory system

Answer 1

Heart, blood and blood vessels

Question 2

What type of circulation carries blood to and from the lungs

Answer 2

Pulmonary circulation

Question 3

What type of circulation carries blood to and from the rest of the body’s organs

Answer 3

Systemic circulation

Question 4

What type of blood does the pulmonary artery carry

Answer 4

Deoxygenated blood

Question 5

What type of blood does the pulmonary vein carry

Answer 5

Oxygenated blood

Question 6

Arteries

Answer 6

Carry blood away from the heart.
Blood is at a high pressure.
They have no valves.
They have a thick muscular walls.
A pulse is created by heart pumping and contraction of heart muscle.
They have strong walls.

Question 7

Capillaries

Answer 7

Carry blood through organs and tissues.
Blood is at a low pressure.
They have no valves.
They have very thin walls.
They have no pulse.
They are delicate and easily broken.

Question 8

Veins

Answer 8

Carry blood towards the heart.
The blood is a very low pressure.
They have valves to stop blood flowing back.
They have thinner walls with less muscle.
They have no pulse.
They have flexible walls and are squashed easily so blood is pushed further along the vessel

Question 9

What does the heart do?

Answer 9

Receives blood from the veins, pumps blood under high pressure into the arteries

Question 10

What keeps the blood flowing in one direction through the heart?

Answer 10

The bicuspid and tricuspid valves that lie between the atria and ventricles prevent backflow

Question 11

Why are the walls of the ventricles thicker than the atria

Answer 11

Atria only have to pump blood into the ventricles - a very short distance so little pressure is required. The ventricles have to pump the blood a greater distance to the organs so higher pressure is required. The thicker muscle generates greater force

Question 12

Why is the wall of the left ventricle thicker than the wall on the right ventricle

Answer 12

The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs - these are close to the heart so less pressure is required; in contrast the left ventricle must generate enough pressure to pump blood to the rest of the bodies organs - a much greater force is required for this

Question 13

What happens to your heart when you exercise

Answer 13

During exercise, the heart rate increases because the body needs more energy from respiration - this process requires oxygen and glucose - both of which are carried in the blood.

Question 14

What happens to your heart when you get excited

Answer 14

When excited adrenaline can be released to prepare the body for more activity - part of this will be increasing heart rate to increase oxygen and glucose supply to the muscles

Question 15

How can exercise reduce stress?

Answer 15

There is an increased sense of well-being people may even feel high as exercise stimulates the release of brain chemicals similar to morphine

Question 16

Does an unfit or fit person have a higher heartbeat rate on average

Answer 16

Unfit person

Question 17

What effect does exercise sometimes have on blood pressure

Answer 17

Prevents high blood pressure and means there is less risk for a heart attack

Question 18

A fit heart pumps a larger volume of blood with each beat than an unfit heart. Why is it an advantage to be fit

Answer 18

It can get more oxygen and food to the organs with each beat so hard doesn’t need to be as often so it doesn’t tire as easily

Question 19

What effect does exercise have on the coronary arteries

Answer 19

They become wider and the buildup of fatty deposits is less likely. This reduces the risk of heart disease

Question 20

What can lead to heart disease

Answer 20

High blood pressure, obesity, no exercise, smoking and genetics

Question 21

How can you avoid heart disease

Answer 21

Do lots of exercise and don’t eat as many fatty foods

Question 22

Red blood cell

Answer 22

Transports oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body and contains haemoglobin

Question 23

White blood cell

Answer 23

Fights infections and other diseases

Question 24

Platelets

Answer 24

Help blood clots stop bleeding

Question 25

What makes up the blood

Answer 25

Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma

Question 26

Plasma

Answer 26

The liquid portion of the blood.

Takes nutrients, hormones, and proteins to the parts of the body that need it

Question 27

What can be produced by a certain type of blood cell

Answer 27

Antibodies

Question 28

What type of blood does the vena cava carry

Answer 28

Deoxygenated blood

Question 29

double circulation

Answer 29

blood travels through the heart twice with each complete circuit of the body

Question 30

describe double circulation

Answer 30

Deoxygenated blood enters the heart.
Blood is then pumped to the lungs to pick up some oxygen.
Blood is now oxygenated and travels back to the heart.
Blood is pumped around the body so every cell gets its vital oxygen so that every cell can carry out the process of respiration.

Question 31

What part of the heart has the thickest wall

Answer 31

The left ventricle as it has to generate enough pressure to pump the blood the greatest distance

Question 32

Where does the right ventricle pump blood

Answer 32

The right ventricle wall is thinner as it only pumps blood to the lungs

Question 33

How thick are the atria walls

Answer 33

Atria have thin walls as they don’t pump blood any great distance

Question 34

Events of a single heartbeat

Answer 34

The events of each heartbeat are mirrored on the left and right sides.
Blood enters the atria from a vein.
Blood is forced into the ventricles through the valves.
The ventricles then contract forcing the blood upwards.
Blood exits the heart via an artery.

Question 35

What Does a diet with high levels of salt do to your body

Answer 35

A diet with high levels of salt is linked to increased blood pressure – this puts more strain on the walls of arteries

Question 36

What does a diet with high levels of fat and cholesterol do to your body

Answer 36

A diet with high levels of fat and cholesterol – the excess fat and cholesterol can build in arteries to form plaques – these narrow the blood vessels.

Question 37

What effect does smoking have on your body

Answer 37

Cigarette smoke contains many chemicals linked with heart disease. These can cause heart rate to increase or make clots inside blood vessels more likely to happen

Question 38

What affect does stress have on our body

Answer 38

When we are stressed the body releases chemicals such as hormone adrenaline. These hormones can increase heart rate and can narrow our vessels. Over time high levels of stress hormones can make a heart attack much more likely.

Question 39

The heart

Answer 39

The heart is a 4 chambered muscular pump found just to the left of the sternum. The wall of the heart is made from a special type of muscle called cardiac muscle. The cardiac muscle is supplied with blood via the coronary arteries.

Question 40

Septum

Answer 40

The 2 sides of the heart are divided by the septum – this prevents oxygenated and deoxygenated blood from mixing, improving efficiency

Question 41

Atrium

Answer 41

Upper chamber.
Small.
Thin walls

Question 42

Ventricle

Answer 42

Lower chamber.
Larger than atria.
Thicker walls.

Question 43

Tricuspid valve

Answer 43

The valve between the right atrium and ventricle

Question 44

Bicuspid valve

Answer 44

The valve between the left atrium and ventricle

Question 45

Heart beat

Answer 45

The events of each heart beat are mirrored on the left and right sides.
Blood enters the atria from a vein
Blood is forced into the ventricles through the valves
The ventricles then contract forcing the blood upwards
Blood exits the heart via an artery

Question 46

How does a Heart attack occur

Answer 46

A heart attack occurs when there is a blockage in the coronary arteries leading to the heart muscle. A lack of glucose and oxygen reaching the muscle could result in death of the tissue.