respi microbiology Flashcards
which of the following is correct about glandular fever?
a. caused by EBV and stays latent in T cells
b. unlikely to develop fever
c. likely to recover within a week
d. could be diagnosed by atypical monocytes
d. could be diagnosed by atypical monocytes (glandular fever aka infectious mononucleosis)
a. EBV stays latent in B cells
b. will develop fever
c. recover in a few weeks to months
what is pharyngitis best treated with?
penicillins
what bacteria causes pharyngitis?
group A haemolytic/streptococci and group B streptococci
what is the most common causative agent of CF in early childhood?
S. aureus
what is the common cold also known as and what is common causative agent?
viral rhinitis
commonly caused by rhinovirus
what is quinsy (peritonsillar abscess) a complication of?
suppurative complication of pharyngitis/tonsilitis
what is the bacteria causing pharyngitis and tonsilitis?
streptococcus pyogenes
what is the common cause of pharyngitis?
viral
what antibiotics can be given to a patient with pharyngitis/tonsilitis?
amoxicillin (penicillin)
cephalexin (cephalosporin)
azithromycin (macrolide)
which URTI involves the formation of a pseudomembrane over the pharynx/larynx?
diphteria
what URTI does a patient presenting with a bull neck have?
diphteria
enlarged cervical lymph nodes cause bull neck
what URTI does Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) cause?
glandular fever/infectious mononucleosis
which URTI causes hoarseness of voice?
acute laryngitis
which group of patients usually affected with acute laryngotracheobronchitis (croup)?
in the very young (3 months to 3 years old)
what is the common causative agent of croup?
parainfluenza virus (type 1)
other possibles: parainfluenza virus types 2 and 3, influenza virus, adenovirus, RSV
what is the causative agent of acute epiglottitis?
Haemophilus influenzae type B
what drugs can be given to treat rhinosinusitis/acute sinusitis?
amoxicillin
cefuroxime
doxycycline
what drugs can be given to treat otitis media?
amoxicillin
cefuroxime
why is otitis media more common in infants/young children?
their eustachian tube is more horizontal –> harder for nasal secretions to drain out –> fluid build up leading to inflammation of middle ear
what is a crowded pharynx indicative of?
obstructive sleep apnea
at which phase should antibiotics most ideally be administered in pertussis and why?
catarrhal phase
most infectious period with URTI symptoms
what is the most common causative agent of acute bronchiolitis?
respiratory syncytial virus
what is the most common causative agent of typical pneumonia in general?
S. pneumoniae
what is the most common causative agent of typical pneumonia among COPD patients?
H. influenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae
what is the most common causative agent of typical pneumonia among CF patients?
P. aeruginosa
what is the most common causative agent of typical pneumonia among IVDU and elderly?
S. aureus
what is the main causative agent of atypical pneumonia?
mycoplasma pneumoniae
which micro-organism is most likely to cause pneumonia in patients with AIDS/HIV?
pneumocystis jiroveci
which test confirms that patient has active TB infection?
presence of acid-fast bacilli in sputum sample
which two viruses cause more than half of the common colds?
rhinovirus and coronavirus
which of the following symptoms is most likely to be absent in a patient with streptococcus pharyngitis?
a) cough
b) pus
c) inflammation
d) high fever
no cough in bacterial pharyngitis
what is nasopharyngeal aspirate diagnostic procedure used for?
acute bronchiolitis
Which of the following is a symptom of both typical pneumonia and atypical
pneumonia?
a. Dry cough
b. Fever
c. Purulent sputum
d. Dyspnoea
b) Fever
dry cough: atypical pneumonia
purulent sputum: typical pneumonia
dyspnoea: typical pneumonia
what drugs are used to treat severe community-acquired pneumonia?
Ceftriaxone + azithromycin (broad spectrum)
compare streptococcal pharyngitis and viral pharyngitis in terms of onset
streptococcal pharyngitis: sudden onset
high fever, enlarged painful tonsils with white pus-filled lesions, tender cervical lymphadenopathy, no cough
what infection is this?
streptococcal pharyngitis
which statement is correct about otitis externa?
a. spreads only superficially and can be treated with a topical antibiotic
b. this is a minor infection and usually self-limiting
c. invades inner ear components
d. invades tissue deeply, causing necrosis as it goes
d. invades tissue deeply, causing necrosis as it goes –> invasive otitis externa
a. infection invades deep tissue
b. quite serious infection
c. referring to otitis interna
what are the 3 types of otitis externa?
- localised (hair follicle furnucles/pustules, boil in ear)
- diffuse (‘swimmer’s ear, whole ear canal inflamed)
- invasive (severe necrotising infection that spreads to adjacent soft tissue and bone)
should throat swab be used in acute epiglottitis?
AVOID!! can aggravate airway obstruction
what drugs are used to treat low severity pneumonia?
amoxicillin + doxycycline
what drugs are used to treat moderate severity pneumonia?
benzylpenicillin + doxycycline
