respi anat Flashcards
what are the four regions of parietal pleura?
cervical, costal, diaphragmatic, mediastinal
what nerves innervate the parietal pleura?
cervical: T1 intercostal nerve
costal: T2-10 intercostal nerves
peripheral diaphragmatic: intercostal nerves
central diaphragmatic and mediastinal: phrenic nerve
where is emergency thoracostomy performed at?
2nd ICS MCL
where is thoracostomy usually performed at in a hospital/non-emergency setting?
5th ICS MAL
what is the relation of pulmonary artery to pulmonary veins in lung hilum?
pulmonary artery is superior to pulmonary vein
where is the most likely location of an aspirated object in a person lying to the right?
posterior segment of right upper lobe
where is the most likely location of an aspirated object in a person lying supine?
superior segment of right inferior lobe
where is the most likely location of an aspirated object in a person erect?
posterior segment of right inferior lobe
what nerve loops under right subclavian artery?
right recurrent laryngeal nerve
what nerve loops under aortic arch?
left recurrent laryngeal nerve
recall the lymphatic drainage of lungs
superficial + deep –> bronchopulmonary (hilar) –> inferior tracheobronchial (carinal) –> superior tracheobronchial –> paratracheal –> bronchomediastinal –> right lymphatic duct/thoracic duct –> subclavian vein
what type of epithelium are trachea, bronchi, bronchioles?
trachea and bronchi: pseudostratified ciliated columnar
bronchiole: simple ciliated columnar –> simple ciliated cuboidal (terminal to respiratory)
is cartilage present in bronchioles?
no
where does the trachea start and extend to?
C6 (cricoid cartilage) to T4 (sternal angle)
what do goblet cells become in respiratory bronchioles?
clara cells
how to differentiate between terminal and respiratory bronchioles (histology)?
terminal: no alveoli along its wall; thicker walls
respiratory: alveoli present along its wall; thinner walls
which pneumocyte type has simple squamous epithelium with cytoplasmic extensions?
type 1 pneumocyte
which pneumocyte type has simple cuboidal epithelium with lamellar bodies and microvilli?
type 2 pneumocyte
which pneumocyte secretes surfactant?
type 2 pneumocyte
what are the layers involved in getting oxygen from the airspace to erythrocytes?
- surfactant
- cytoplasm of type 1 alveolar epithelial cell
- basement membrane
- cytoplasm of endothelial cell
- plasma
- plasma membrane of erythrocyte
- erythrocyte
what occurs at the angle of Louis (T4)?
Rib 2
Arch of aorta
Trachea bifurcation
Pulmonary trunk bifurcation
Ligamentum arteriosum
Azygos vein drains into SVC
Nerve (left laryngeal nerve)
Thoracic duct crosses from right to left
what passes through the oesophageal hiatus and at what level?
T10: oesophagus, anterior and posterior vagal trunks
what passes through the caval hiatus and at what level?
T8: IVC, right phrenic nerve, lymphatics
what passes through the aortic hiatus and at what level?
T12: aorta, azygos vein, thoracic duct
where does the oblique fissure of the lung extend from and to where?
T2 spinous process posteriorly to 6th costal cartilage anteriorly
is the left pulmonary artery superior or at the same level as left main bronchi?
superior
right pulmonary artery is at the same level as right bronchi
what is the function of surfactant?
decrease surface tension and prevent alveolar collapse
- respiratory bronchioles ____ (have/don’t have) smooth muscle
- alveolar sacs ____ (have/don’t have) smooth muscle
- alveolar ducts ____ (have/don’t have) smooth muscle
- bronchioles ____ (have/don’t have) cartilage
- bronchi ___ (have/don’t have) cartilage
- have some
- don’t have
- have some
- don’t have
- have
what forms the start of the conducting portion of the airway?
nasal cavity/pharynx
which of the following structures of the bronchopulmonary tree has the highest resistance to air flow?
medium-sized bronchi
which lymph nodes can be enlarged in cancer metastases?
- left supraclavicular lymph node (Virchow’s node/sentinel node)
- inferior tracheobronchial/Carinal nodes
what is the most anterior structure of the hilum of the lung?
pulmonary vein
What type of pain is conveyed from the parietal pleura?
a. There is no pain sensation from the parietal pleura
b. Somatic and visceral
c.visceral
d. somatic
d. somatic
the visceral and parietal pleura are composed of which of the following epithelial linings?
a. simple cuboidal
b. simple columnar
c. simple squamous
d. stratified squamous
c. simple squamous
