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respiratory system > respi anat > Flashcards

respi anat Flashcards

1
Q

what are the four regions of parietal pleura?

A

cervical, costal, diaphragmatic, mediastinal

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2
Q

what nerves innervate the parietal pleura?

A

cervical: T1 intercostal nerve
costal: T2-10 intercostal nerves
peripheral diaphragmatic: intercostal nerves
central diaphragmatic and mediastinal: phrenic nerve

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3
Q

where is emergency thoracostomy performed at?

A

2nd ICS MCL

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4
Q

where is thoracostomy usually performed at in a hospital/non-emergency setting?

A

5th ICS MAL

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5
Q

what is the relation of pulmonary artery to pulmonary veins in lung hilum?

A

pulmonary artery is superior to pulmonary vein

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6
Q

where is the most likely location of an aspirated object in a person lying to the right?

A

posterior segment of right upper lobe

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7
Q

where is the most likely location of an aspirated object in a person lying supine?

A

superior segment of right inferior lobe

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8
Q

where is the most likely location of an aspirated object in a person erect?

A

posterior segment of right inferior lobe

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9
Q

what nerve loops under right subclavian artery?

A

right recurrent laryngeal nerve

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10
Q

what nerve loops under aortic arch?

A

left recurrent laryngeal nerve

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11
Q

recall the lymphatic drainage of lungs

A

superficial + deep –> bronchopulmonary (hilar) –> inferior tracheobronchial (carinal) –> superior tracheobronchial –> paratracheal –> bronchomediastinal –> right lymphatic duct/thoracic duct –> subclavian vein

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12
Q

what type of epithelium are trachea, bronchi, bronchioles?

A

trachea and bronchi: pseudostratified ciliated columnar
bronchiole: simple ciliated columnar –> simple ciliated cuboidal (terminal to respiratory)

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13
Q

is cartilage present in bronchioles?

A

no

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14
Q

where does the trachea start and extend to?

A

C6 (cricoid cartilage) to T4 (sternal angle)

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15
Q

what do goblet cells become in respiratory bronchioles?

A

clara cells

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16
Q

how to differentiate between terminal and respiratory bronchioles (histology)?

A

terminal: no alveoli along its wall; thicker walls
respiratory: alveoli present along its wall; thinner walls

17
Q

which pneumocyte type has simple squamous epithelium with cytoplasmic extensions?

A

type 1 pneumocyte

18
Q

which pneumocyte type has simple cuboidal epithelium with lamellar bodies and microvilli?

A

type 2 pneumocyte

19
Q

which pneumocyte secretes surfactant?

A

type 2 pneumocyte

20
Q

what are the layers involved in getting oxygen from the airspace to erythrocytes?

A
  1. surfactant
  2. cytoplasm of type 1 alveolar epithelial cell
  3. basement membrane
  4. cytoplasm of endothelial cell
  5. plasma
  6. plasma membrane of erythrocyte
  7. erythrocyte
21
Q

what occurs at the angle of Louis (T4)?

A

Rib 2
Arch of aorta
Trachea bifurcation
Pulmonary trunk bifurcation
Ligamentum arteriosum
Azygos vein drains into SVC
Nerve (left laryngeal nerve)
Thoracic duct crosses from right to left

22
Q

what passes through the oesophageal hiatus and at what level?

A

T10: oesophagus, anterior and posterior vagal trunks

23
Q

what passes through the caval hiatus and at what level?

A

T8: IVC, right phrenic nerve, lymphatics

24
Q

what passes through the aortic hiatus and at what level?

A

T12: aorta, azygos vein, thoracic duct

25
Q

where does the oblique fissure of the lung extend from and to where?

A

T2 spinous process posteriorly to 6th costal cartilage anteriorly

26
Q

is the left pulmonary artery superior or at the same level as left main bronchi?

A

superior
right pulmonary artery is at the same level as right bronchi

27
Q

what is the function of surfactant?

A

decrease surface tension and prevent alveolar collapse

28
Q
  1. respiratory bronchioles ____ (have/don’t have) smooth muscle
  2. alveolar sacs ____ (have/don’t have) smooth muscle
  3. alveolar ducts ____ (have/don’t have) smooth muscle
  4. bronchioles ____ (have/don’t have) cartilage
  5. bronchi ___ (have/don’t have) cartilage
A
  1. have some
  2. don’t have
  3. have some
  4. don’t have
  5. have
29
Q

what forms the start of the conducting portion of the airway?

A

nasal cavity/pharynx

30
Q

which of the following structures of the bronchopulmonary tree has the highest resistance to air flow?

A

medium-sized bronchi

31
Q

which lymph nodes can be enlarged in cancer metastases?

A
  1. left supraclavicular lymph node (Virchow’s node/sentinel node)
  2. inferior tracheobronchial/Carinal nodes
32
Q

what is the most anterior structure of the hilum of the lung?

A

pulmonary vein

33
Q

What type of pain is conveyed from the parietal pleura?
a. There is no pain sensation from the parietal pleura
b. Somatic and visceral
c.visceral
d. somatic

A

d. somatic

34
Q

the visceral and parietal pleura are composed of which of the following epithelial linings?

a. simple cuboidal
b. simple columnar
c. simple squamous
d. stratified squamous

A

c. simple squamous

respiratory system (6 decks)

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