Resperation Flashcards
What is respiration
Respiration is when the chemical energy stored in Glucose must be released by all cells through a series of enzymes-controlled reactions
What is the energy released from the breakdown of glucose used for
To generate ATP
What is adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Made up of?
ATP is made of one adenosine molecule and three phosphate groups, called Pi for short.
How is ADP formed
Each molecule of ATP stores a small quantity of chemical energy. This energy can be released by breaking down ATP into adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and a phosphate group.
What can atp be used for in the body?
Cellular activity such as muscle cell contraction, cell division, protein synthesis and transmission of nerve impulses
What is glucose broken down into?
2 molecules of pyruvate
What dose the pyruvate do?
It releases enough energy to yield two molecules of ATP
What does the next part depend on
The presence/absence of oxygen
What happens if oxygen is present?
If oxygen is present, aerobic respiration takes place, and each pyruvate is broken down into carbon dioxide and water. This releases enough energy to yield (36) a large number of ATP.
What happens if oxygen is absent?
The fermentation pathway takes place.in animal cells, pyruvate is converted into lactate and in plant and yeast cells they are converted into carbon dioxide and ethanol. If it happens this way only 2 ATP molecules are produced.
Where does respiration begin?
In the cytoplasm
Where does it end?
If it is the process of fermentation it is completed in the cytoplasm,
If it is aerobic respiration it is completed in the mitochondria.