Resp Sys Organisation

Question 2

Why is respiratory physiology vital for survival?

Answer 2

It ensures oxygen delivery to tissues, removal of carbon dioxide, pH balance, and metabolic homeostasis.

Question 3

What are the different phases of respiration?

Answer 3

1. Pulmonary ventilation, 2. External respiration, 3. Internal respiration, 4. Cellular respiration.

Question 4

Name the parts of the respiratory tract and their functions.

Answer 4

1. Nose: Filters, warms, and humidifies air. 2. Pharynx: Passage for air and food. 3. Larynx: Voice production and airway protection. 4. Trachea: Conducts air to bronchi. 5. Bronchi: Distribute air to lungs. 6. Bronchioles: Regulate airflow. 7. Alveoli: Site of gas exchange.

Question 5

What is the difference between the conducting and respiratory zones?

Answer 5

The conducting zone (nose to terminal bronchioles) transports, filters, and humidifies air. The respiratory zone (respiratory bronchioles to alveoli) is where gas exchange occurs.

Question 6

List the functions of the respiratory system.

Answer 6

1. Gas exchange, 2. Acid-base balance, 3. Phonation, 4. Olfaction, 5. Defense against pathogens, 6. Metabolic functions (angiotensin conversion).

Question 7

What is a bronchopulmonary segment?

Answer 7

A structurally and functionally independent lung unit, supplied by its own segmental bronchus and pulmonary artery.

Question 8

How many bronchopulmonary segments are in each lung?

Answer 8

Right lung: 10 segments, Left lung: 8-10 segments.

Question 9

Why are bronchopulmonary segments surgically important?

Answer 9

They can be individually removed without affecting the rest of the lung, useful in segmentectomy.