RESP SLEEP

Question 1

Respiratory problems in sleep

Answer 1

• Obstructive sleep apnea
• Central sleep apnea
• Obesity hypoventilation syndrome

Question 2

Non resp problems in sleep

Answer 2

• Narcolepsy
• Periodic leg movements
• Parasomnias

Question 3

Sleep apneas

Answer 3

group of related conditions characterised by abnormal breathing during sleep
Apnea - person momentarily stops breath
•Obstructive sleep apnea - airway is partially or completely blocked off
• Central sleep apnea - related to central nervous system, brain stops making an effort to breather for 10 to 30 secs

Question 4

Obstructive sleep apnea

Answer 4

• Blockage of upper airways due allergies/swollen tonsils/obesity-fat on neck/ severe underbite

• hormonal changes at night make the muscles around the airway less stiff, less able to keep it open

Question 5

Central sleep apnea

Answer 5

• Problem with central nervous system, brain stops making effort to breathe

Question 6

Narcolepsy

Answer 6

patient is unable to regulate sleep and wake cycles

• Lack of excitatory neurons releasing neuropeptide orexin A and orexin B
• Orexin helps in wakefullness and prevents inappropriate transitions into sleep

Question 7

Symptoms of narcolepsy

Answer 7

1. Fall straight to REM sleep - rem sleep is characterised by dreaming, fragmented non rem sleep episodes throughout day
2. Hypnogogic hallucinations - vivid and frightening halluciation as fall asleep
3. Cataplexy - strong emotions can trigger severe muscle weakness throughout body, causing paralysis
4. Sleep paralysis - inability to move before waking up or falling asleep
   - during rem sleep, brain is very active and muscles of the body are paralysed, brain wakes up before body

Question 8

Parasomnias

Answer 8

automatic behaivior during sleep

• REM parasomnia - acting out dream/violent
• Non REM parasomnias - sleep walking and sleep talking

Question 9

restless leg movement

Answer 9

• caused by low iron that affects GABA transmission

- can also be caused by sleepapnea