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Pharmacology Step 1 > Resp Pharm > Flashcards

Resp Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

Beta 2 agonists used for asthma Tx

A

albuterol (short-acting), salmeterol, formoterol (long-acting)

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2
Q

What are the adverse effects of albuterol?

A

jitteriness and tachycardia

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3
Q

What beta 2 agonists are used for Tx of COPD?

A

Salmeterol and formoterol

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4
Q

What must be given with long-acting beta 2 agonists when used for asthma Tx?

A

inhaled corticosteroids

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5
Q

What are the adverse effects of salmeterol and formoterol?

A

tremor and arrhythmia

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6
Q

What inhaled corticosteroids are used for Tx of asthma?

A

Fluticasone, budesonide, beclomethasone

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7
Q

What muscarinic antagonists are used for the Tx of asthma? Which one is long-acting?

A

tiotropium, ipratropium

Tiotropium is long-acting

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8
Q

What antileukotrienes are used for the Tx of asthma?

A

Montelukast, zafirlukast, zileuton

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9
Q

How is the MOA different between montelukast and zileuton?

A

montelukast/zafirlukast - block leukotriene receptors (especially good for aspirin-induced and exercise-induced asthma)
Zileuton - inhibits 5-lipoxygenase, blocking the conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotries

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10
Q

What anti-IgE monoclonal therapy is used for the Tx of asthma?

A

omalizumab

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11
Q

What methylxanthine drug is used in the Tx of asthma?

A

theophylline

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12
Q

What is the MOA of theophylline?

A

causes bronchodilation by inhibiting phosphodiesterase -> increased cAMP levels due to decreased cAMP hydrolysis

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13
Q

What is the MOA of cromolyn?

A

prevents release of histamines from mast cells; prevents bronchoconstriction and inflammation

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14
Q

What expectorants are used in the Tx of obstructive lung Dz?

A

Guaifenesin and N-acetylcysteine

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15
Q

What is the MOA of guaifenesin?

A

thins respiratory secretions, does not suppress cough reflex

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16
Q

What is the MOA of N-acetylcysteine? What else can it be used for?

A

mucolytic - liquifies mucus in COPD/CF by disrupting disulfide bonds
Also used as an antidote for acetaminophen overdose

17
Q

What is the MOA of dextromethorphan?

A

antitussive (antagonizes NMDA glutamate receptors); mild opioid effect when used in excess. Naloxone can be given for overdose. May cause serotonin syndrome when combined with other serotonergic agents.
Can cause constipation

18
Q

What drugs are used for pulmonary hypertension?

A

Bosentan/Ambrisentan, Sildenafil, Epoprotenol/iloprost

19
Q

What is the MOA of bosentan/ambrisentan? What are the AE?

A

competitively antagonize Endothelin-1 receptors -> decreased pulmonary vascular resistance. AE = hepatotoxic

20
Q

What is the MOA of sildenafil? What else can it be used for? What meds are C/I with its use?

A

PDE5 inhibitor -> increase cGMP -> prolonged vasodilatory effect of NO.
Can also be used to treat erectile dysfunction
Nitroglycerin C/I

21
Q

What is the MOA of epoprostenol/iloprost? What are the SE?

A

prostaglandins (PGI2) with direct vasodilatory effects on pulmonary and systemic arterial vascular beds (inhibit platelet aggregation). SE = flushing, jaw pain

22
Q

Preventative inhaled treatment of choice for mild persistent asthma?

A

inhaled corticosteroids

Fluti Jason, budesonide, beclomethasone

23
Q

Inhaled treatment of choice for acute exacerbations of asthma?

A

albuterol (short-acting beta agonist)

24
Q

Narrow therapeutic index, drug of last resort for asthma

A

theophylline

25
Q

Blocks conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotriene?

A

Zileuton

26
Q

Inhibits mast cell release of mediators, used for prophylaxis only?

A

cromolyn

27
Q

Inhale Treatment that blocks muscarinic receptors?

A

Tiotropium, Ipatropium

28
Q

Inhaled long-acting beta2-agonist?

A

salmeterol, formoterol

29
Q

Blocks leukotriene receptors?

A

Montelukast, Zafirlukast

30
Q

Which medications if taken long term can resulting rebound nasal congestion?

A

Pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine

31
Q

Pseudoephedrine/phenylephrine

A

alpha-adrenergic agonists, used as nasal decongestants

AE = HTN, rebound nasal congestion if used longer than 4-6 days

Pharmacology Step 1 (8 decks)

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