Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology Step 1 > Cardio Drugs > Flashcards

Cardio Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

ACE inhibitors (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme)

A

lisinopril, captopril, enalapril, ramipril

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ACE inhibitors MOA, use, AE

A

MOA - inhibit ACE -> decreased AT II -> decreased vasoconstriction, decreased GFR by preventing constriction of efferent arterioles
Use - HTN, HF (decreases mortality), proteinuria, diabetic nephropathy, post MI
AE - cough, angioedema (C/I in C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency), teratogen, increased Creatinine, hyperkalemia, and hypotension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Angiotensin receptor blockers

A

losartan, candesartan, valsartan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Angiotensin receptor blocker MOA, use, AE

A

MOA - selectively block binding of angiotensin II to AT1 receptor; do not increase bradykinin
Use - HTN, HF (decreases mortality), proteinuria, chronic kidney disease
AE - hyperkalemia, decreased GFR, hypotension, teratogen, angioedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Aliskiren

A

direct renin inhibitor; blocks conversion of angiotensinogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers

A

Dihydropyridine (-dipine)
- amlodipine, felodipine, nicardipine, nifedipine, nisoldipine
Nonhydropyridine
-diltiazem, verapamil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

MOA, use, AE of dihydropyridine CCB

A

MOA: act on vascular smooth muscle to cause vasodilation
Use: HTN, angina, vasospasm, esophageal spasm, migraine prophylaxis
AE: peripheral edema, flushing, dizziness, constipation, reflex tachycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

MOA, use, AE of nondihydropyridine CCB

A

MOA - block calcium channels at pacemaker cells
Use - HTN, angina, arrhythmia
AE - cardiac depression (avoid with CHF), AV block, flushing, dizziness, constipation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Minoxidil MOA, use, AE

A

MOA: opens K+ channels and hyperpolarizes smooth muscle (Ca2+ channels stay closed), resulting in relaxation of vascular smooth muscle
Use: severe HTN, topical application for hair loss
AE: hypertrichosis, hypotension, reflex tachycardia, fluid retention/edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hydralazine MOA, use, AE

A

MOA - increase cGMP (activate myosin phosphatase -> vasodilation) -> smooth muscle relaxation; vasoldilates arterioles > veins; reduces afterload
Use - severe HTN, HF, safe to use during pregnancy (frequently coadministered with a beta blocker to prevent reflex tachycardia)
AE - compensatory tachycardia (C/I with angina/CAD), fluid retention, HA, angina, lupus-like syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What Abs are found with drug-induced lupus?

A

anti-histone Abs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Nitrates MOA, Use, AE

A

Nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate, isosorbide mononitrate
MOA - vasodilator by increasing NO in vascular smooth muscle -> increase cGMP and smooth muscle relaxation; dilate veins > arteries; decrease preload
Use - angina, acute coronary syndrome, pulmonary edema (pools blood in periphery)
AE - reflex tachycardia, hypotension, flushing, HA
Nitroprusside - cyanide toxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What antihypertensive medications should be used in CKD patients?

A

ACE inhibitors or ARBs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What antihypertensive medications should be used in black patients without CKD?

A

thiazide diuretics, CCB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What antihypertensive medications should be used in non-black patients without CKD?

A

thiazide diuretics, CCB, ACE inhibitor or ARB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What antihypertensives should be used in CHF? What should be avoided?

A

Give: ACE inhibitor/ARB, beta blocker, aldosterone antagonist
Avoid: CCB (cause edema), beta blocker (in acute decompensated)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What antihypertensive medications should be used in DM? What should be avoided?

A

Give: ACE inhibitor/ARB (protect against diabetic nephropathy)
Avoid: beta blocker (raise blood sugar)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What antihypertensive medications should be used in post-MI/CAD?

A

thiazide, beta blocker, ACE inhibitor/ARB, CCB (as needed for angina), nitrates (as needed for angina)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What antihypertensive medications should be used in atrial fibrillation?

A

beta blocker, diltiazem/verapamil (control HR)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What antihypertensive medications should be AVOIDED in bradycardia?

A

beta blocker, diltiazem/verapamil (decrease HR)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What antihypertensive medications should be used in BPH?

A

alpha-blocker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What antihypertensive medications should be used in pregnancy? What should be avoided?

A

Use: hydralazine, methyldopa, labetalol, dihydropyridines
Avoid: ACE inhibitors, ARBs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Want antihypertensive medications should be used for migraines?

A

CCB, beta blocker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What antihypertensive medications should be used for essential tremor?

A

propranolol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors

A

statins

lovastatin, pravastain, atrovastatin

26
Q

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors MOA, effects on LDL, HDL, triglycerides, AE

A 
MOA - inhibit conversion of HMG-CoA reductase -> inability to produce de novo cholesterol; increase cell surface LDL receptors
LDL: big decrease
HDL: slight increase
Triglycerides: slight decrease
AE - heptatotoxicity, myopathy
27
Q

Bile acid resins

A

cholestyramine, colestipol, colesevelam

28
Q

Bile acid resin MOA, effects on LDL, HDL, triglycerides, AE

A

MOA: prevent intestinal reabsorption of bile acids
LDL: moderate decrease
HDL: slight increase
Triglycerides: slight increase
AE - GI upset, decreased absorption of fat-soluble vitamins, development of cholesterol gallstones

29
Q

Ezetimibe MOA, effects on LDL, HDL, triglycerides, AE

A

MOA - prevent cholesterol absorption at small intestine brush border
LDL: moderate decrease
HDL: slight decrease/no effect
triglycerides: slight decrease/no effect
AE - rare increase in liver function tests, diarrhea

30
Q

Fibrates

A

Gemfibrozil, Bezafibrate, fenofibrate

31
Q

Fibrate MOA, effect on LDL, HDL, triglycerides, AE

A

MOA - up regulate LPL -> increase triglyceride clearance
LDL - slight decrease
HDL - slight increase
Triglycerides - big decrease
AE - myopathy, cholesterol gallstones, hepatotoxicity

32
Q

Niacin (Vit B3) MOA, effect on LDL, HDL, triglycerides, AE

A

MOA - inhibits lipolysis in adipose tissue; reduces hepatic VLDL synthesis
LDL - moderate decrease
HDL - moderate increase (most of all drugs)
Triglycerides - slight decrease
AE - flushing (decreased by aspirin before or long-term use), hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia

33
Q

What is the effect of Nitrates on EDV (preload), BP, HR, contractility, and myocardial O2 demand?

A

decrease preload/EDV, decrease BP, increase HR (compensatory), no effect on contractility, decrease myocardial O2 demand

34
Q

What is the effect of beta blockers on EDV (preload), BP, HR, contractility, and myocardial O2 demand?

A

no effect on preload/EDV, decrease BP, decrease HR, decrease contractility, decrease myocardial O2 demand

35
Q

What is the goal in treating angina?

A

reducing myocardial O2 demand

36
Q

Ranolazine MOA, use, AE

A

MOA - inhibits the late phase of sodium current -> reduce diastolic wall tension and O2 consumption (no effect on HR or contractility)
Use - angina refractor to other meds
AE - constipation, dizziness, HA, N, QT prolongation

37
Q

Na+ channel blockers IA, IB, IC

A

IA - disopyramide, quinine, procainamide (double quarter pounder)
IB - mexiletine, lidocaine, tocainide (mayo, lettuce, tomato)
IC - flecainide, propafenone (fries, please)

38
Q

Na+ channel blockers MOA, effects

A

MOA - decrease slope of phase 0 in mycoytes

Effects - increase effective refractory period (ERP), QT interval, and AP duration

39
Q

Procainamide uses and SE

A

Wolffe-Parkinson-White (WPW)

SE: drug-induced lupus

40
Q

Quinidine SE

A

cinchonism, thrombocytopenia, TdP

41
Q

General Uses of Class IA Na+ Channel Blockers

A

atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, especially re-entrant SVT and VT

42
Q

General Uses of Class IB Na+ Channel Blockers

A

acute ventricular arrhythmias (esp post MI), digitalis-induced arrhythmias

43
Q

General Uses of Class IC Na+ Channel Blockers

A

SVTs, including atrial fibrillation (last resort for VT)

44
Q

AE and C/I for Class IC Na+ channel blockers

A

C/I post MI and ischemic heart disease

AE - proarrhythmic, esp post-MI; toxicity is worse with hyperkalemia

45
Q

Ivabradine MOA, Use, AE

A

MOA - inhibits funny sodium channels (If)
Effects - prolongs phase 4, decreased SA node firing
Use - chronic stable angina (when can’t take beta blockers), chronic HF
AE - luminous phenomena/visual brightness, HTN, bradycardia

46
Q

Beta blockers

A

metoprolol, propranolol, esmolol, atenolol, timolol, carvedilol

47
Q

Beta blockers MOA

A

decrease cAMP, decrease Ca2+ current -> suppress abnormal pacemakers by decreasing the slope of phase 4 of the pacemaker cells

48
Q

Beta blockers use in arrhythmias

A

SVT, ventricular rate control for a fib and a flutter, V tach

49
Q

Beta Blockers AE

A

exacerbation of COPD and asthma, CV effects (bradycardia, AV block, HF); may mask Sx of hypoglycemia

Tx Beta blocker overdose with glucagon

50
Q

Potassium Channel Blockers

A

Amiodarone, ibutilide, dofetilide, sotalol, bretylium

51
Q

Potassium Channel Blocker MOA & effect

A

MOA - inhibit phase 3 of the myocyte

Effect - increase AP duration, increase ERP, increase QT interval

52
Q

Clinical Use and AE of Potassium Channel Blockers

A

Use - a fib, a flutter, V tach; amiodarone can be used for WPW
AE - TdP for all

53
Q

AE of amiodarone

A

pulmonary fibrosis, hepatotoxicity, hyper or hypothyroidism, photo dermatitis, CV effects (bradycardia, heart block, HF)

54
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers

A

Nondihydropyridine (dihydropyridine have no effect on heart - only blood vessel; use for HTN)
Verapamil
Diltiazem

55
Q

MOA & effects of CCB

A

MOA - inhibit phase 0 of pacemaker

Effects - decrease conduction velocity of AV node, increase ERP, increase PR interval

56
Q

Use, AE, and C/I of CCB

A

Use - prevention of SVT, rate control in a fib
AE - constipation, flushing, edema, CV effects (HF, AV block, sinus node depression)
C/I - HF, DO NOT combine with beta blockers

57
Q

Adenosine MOA, use, AE

A

MOA - increase K+ out of cell -> hyper polarizes cell and decreases intracellular calcium -> decreases AV node conduction -> stops heart
Use - diagnosing/treating SVT
(Effects blunted by theophylline - used for COPD and severe asthma)
AE - flushing, hypotension, chest pain

58
Q

When is Mg2+ useful in regards to arrhythmias?

A

TdP and digoxin toxicity

59
Q

What antihypertensive drug causes first-dose orthostatic hypotension?

A

alpha 1 blockers (-zosin), clonidine (alpha 2 agonist)

60
Q

What antihypertensive drug causes hypertrichosis?

A

milnoxidil

61
Q

What antihypertensive drug causes cyanide toxicity?

A

nitroprusside

62
Q

What antihypertensive drug causes dry mouth, sedation, and severe rebound HTN?

A

clonidine (alpha 2 agonist)

Pharmacology Step 1 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions