Resp Overview

Question 1

Define bronchopulmonary segment

Answer 1

Part of the lung supplied by segmental bronchus - 10 on both (2 on the lingula)

Question 2

Volume, order of branching and structures in the resp anatomical dead space

Answer 2

~150mL
Trachea
R/L main bronchi
Lobar bronchi
Segmental bronchi
Bronchioles
Terminal bronchioles

Question 3

Volume and structures of the respiratory zone

Answer 3

2.5-3L
Resp bronchioles
Alveolar ducts
Alveolar sac

Question 4

Formula for airflow

Answer 4

Pressure gradient and resistance

(Patm - Palv)/Rairways

Question 5

Broadly, how does the type of air flow change in the lung

Answer 5

Initially bulk flow - movement of air from high to low pressure

In respiratory zone, diffusion of gas particles down conc gradient

Question 6

Formula for total ventilation and alveolar ventilation

Answer 6

Total ventilation = tidal volume x resp rate ~6000ml/min - 500ml/breath, 12 breaths/min???

Alveolar ventilation = (tidal volume - dead space volume) x resp rate = ~4200ml/min

Question 7

Define Inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 7

Maximum volume of gas inspired from normal end-inspiration to maximum inspiratory effort

Av 3000ml male
Av 1900ml female

Question 8

Define expiratory reserve volume

Answer 8

Maximum volume of gas that can be expired from the usual end-expiration to maximum expiration

Av 1200ml male
Av 800ml female

Question 9

Define residual volume

Answer 9

Volume of gas remaining in lungs at end of maximal expiration

Av 1200ml male
Av 1000ml female

Question 10

Define tidal volume

Answer 10

Volume of gas inspired or expired during each respiratory cycle

Av 500-600

Question 11

4 ways foreign particles are removed from the airways

Answer 11

1. Nose filters large particles
2. Mucociliary escalator
3. Macrophages in alveoli - dust cells
4. Coughing reflex

Question 12

Define total lung capacity

Answer 12

Gas contained in lung at end of maximal inspiration
TLC = TV + IRV + ERV + RV
Male - 6000mL
Female - 4200mL

Question 13

Define vital capacity

Answer 13

Maximal volume of gas that can be expelled following maximal inspiration
VC = TV + IRV + ERV
Male - 4800mL
Female - 3200mL

Question 14

Define functional residual capacity

Answer 14

Volume of gas remaining in the lung at the end of passive expiration
FRC = RV + ERV
Male - 3600mL
Female - 2400mL

Question 15

Define inspiratory capacity

Answer 15

Maximal volume of gas that can be inspired from the end of a passive expiration
IC = IRV + TV
Male - 3600mL
Female - 2400mL

Question 16

Define forced expiratory ratio

Answer 16

FEV1/FVC

70-85% normal

Question 17

Spirometer readings during obstructive vs restrictive respiratory disease

Answer 17

Obstructive - Asthma + COPD

• reduced FEV1 (narrow airways)
• reduced FVC* (COPD)
• reduced FER (FEV1 worse than FVC drop)

Restrictive - mechanical, ILD, chest wall disease

• reduced FEV1
• reduced FVC
• same of greater FER