Patterns Of Disease

Question 1

Life expectancy in low income countries 2012

Answer 1

2012: 62 yrs

Question 2

Life expectancy increased __yrs from 1970 to 2010

Answer 2

11yrs

Question 3

Define child mortality rate, and __ million children died in 2015

Answer 3

Child mortality rate = number of deaths per 1000 live births in children <5

5.9 million children died in 2015

Question 4

Leading causes of child deaths and neonatal

Answer 4

Child - pneumonia, diarrhoea, injury, malaria

Neonatal (45% share) - premature birth, intrapartum, sepsis/meningitis

Question 5

Define maternal death and 5 leading complications accounting for 75%

Answer 5

Death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days from any cause related to pregnancy or its management

1. Bleeding
2. Infection
3. Pre/eclampsia
4. Complications from delivery
5. Unsafe abortion

Question 6

Top 10 causes of death globally

Answer 6

1. IHD
2. Stroke
3. COPD
4. LRTI
5. Alzheimers/dementia
6. Cancers
7. Diabetes mellitus
8. Road injury
9. Diarrhoeal disease
10. TB

Question 7

Top 5 high income countries CoD vs low income CoD

Answer 7

1. IHD / LRTI
2. Stroke / Diarrhoeal disease
3. Alzheimers-dementia / IHD
4. Resp cancer / HIV
5. LRTI / Stroke

Question 8

Define DALY

Answer 8

Disability adjusted life years:
DALY = YLL + YLD

YLL = years of life lost due to premature mortality
YLD = years lost due to disability

Question 9

Top 3 infectious CoD globally

Answer 9

1. TB
2. HIV
3. Malaria

Question 10

Global HIV prevalence and incidence 2018

Answer 10

1.7 million newly infected
38 million living with HIV
770,000 HIV related deaths

Question 11

Describe the 90-90-90 target

Answer 11

Global HIV goals
90% of ppl know their status
90% treated with ART
90% achieve viral suppression

Question 12

TB prevalence

Answer 12

Globally 1 in 4 ppl - 2bil
41% decline since 1990

Africa and indonesia highest incidence