resp measurement 2

Question 1

Define airflow/flow rate/volume velocity?

Answer 1

• Movement of quantity of gas through given area in a unit of time
• l/s or m/s (same as cm3 or cc/s)

Question 2

when gas flows, does it move from high to low pressure or low to high pressure?

Answer 2

High to low (“driving pressure”)

Question 3

What is Ohm’s law?

Answer 3

• U = P/R
• U = flow
• PUR triangle
• In words: pressure is inversely proportionate to airway resistance (+resistance = +pressure)

Question 4

If we think of the vocal cords as a gate, how do they relate to pressure?

Answer 4

• Closed vocal cords = +pressure (need at least 2cm H2O for phonation)
• Open vocal cords = -pressure

Question 5

How does flow relate to volume and time?

Answer 5

• U = changeV / changeT
• VUT triangle

Question 6

What is one solution to controlling the air that goes in and out of your transducer?

Answer 6

• Tightly fitted face mask
• One space for measuring oral airflow, one space for measuring nasal airflow

Question 7

Problems with face masks? Remedy?

Answer 7

• Interferes with articulation movements
• Remedy: larger mask

Question 8

What does a pneumotachograph measure? How?

Answer 8

• U = P/R
• Measures flow by measuring pressure difference across a known resistance
• Mesh in front of face causes known resistance, differential pressure transducer provides pressure

Question 9

What do airflow variations signify?

Answer 9

Changes in airway resistance

Question 10

Describe primary function of:
a) Zoo passage
b) Rainbow passage
c) My first day
d) Caterpillar passage

Answer 10

a) No nasal sounds (cleft palate clinical/research)
b) Balanced phonetic context
c) Controls for negative emotional words + phonetic context (fluency)
d) Assesses motor skills (dysarthria)

Question 11

What is the relationship b/w soft palate position and nasalization?

Answer 11

• Palate down (relaxed) = nasalization
• Palate up (active) = no nasalization

Question 12

What are the three measures of airflow that are of interest to speech production?

Answer 12

• Peak flow during consonant production
• Flow during sustained phonation
• Nasal airflow

Question 13

Which sound has higher airflow, /s/ or /a/?

Answer 13

• /s/
• Fricatives > vowels
• Voiceless > voiced

Question 14

Mean airflow in speech is a function of ___ and ___

Answer 14

• Subglottal pressure
• Glottal resistance

Question 15

Mean airflow during sustained phonation for females vs males?

Answer 15

• Females = about 92cc/s
• Males = about 101cc/s

Question 16

Which two measures does the Rothenberg mask combine?

Answer 16

Flow + pressure