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Pharmacology > Resp drugs > Flashcards

Resp drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Opioid Antitussive examples

A

Codeine

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2
Q

Opioid Antitussive uses

A

most effective antitussive for dry cough

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3
Q

Opioid Antitussive moa

A

Act in CNS to suppress cough

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4
Q

Opioid Antitussive roa

A

Oral

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5
Q

Opioid Antitussive ae

A
  1. CNS - sedation, confusion
  2. Respiratory depression - risk on overdose
  3. Abuse potential at high dose
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6
Q

Non-opioid Antitussive examples

A

Dextromethorphan
Diphenhydramine

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7
Q

Non-opioid Antitussive uses

A

Dextromethorphan:
most effective non-opioid antitussive for dry cough

Diphenhydramine:
dry cough

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8
Q

Non-opioid Antitussive moa

A

Dextromethorphan:
acts on CNS to suppress cough

Diphenhydramine:
anti-histamine with unknown moa

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9
Q

Non-opioid Antitussive roa

A

Oral

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10
Q

Non-opioid Antitussive ae

A

Dextromethorphan:
1. CNS - drowsiness, confusion, dizziness, insomnia, excitement, nervousness
2. GIT - nausea, vomiting, stomachache
3. Abuse potential at high dose but less risk of addiction than codeine

Diphenhydramine:
1. Sedative
2. Anticholinergic

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11
Q

Mucolytics examples

A

Acetylcysteine
Carbocisteine

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12
Q

Mucolytics uses

A

productive cough

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13
Q

Mucolytics moa

A

Free sulfhydryl group opens disulphide bonds in mucoproteins -> Lowers mucous viscosity

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14
Q

Mucolytics roa

A

Oral
Inhalation

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15
Q

Mucolytics ae

A
  1. Bronchospasm - Caution for asthma
  2. Anaphylactoid reactions - rash, hypotension, dyspnea, wheezing
  3. GI disturbance
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16
Q

Mucokinetic examples

A

Bromhexine

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17
Q

Mucokinetic uses

A

productive cough

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18
Q

Mucokinetic moa

A
  1. Promote mucous clearance
  2. Stimulate surfactant production
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19
Q

Mucokinetic ae

A
  1. Allergic reactions
  2. Cutaneous adverse effects
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20
Q

Mucoregulator examples

A

Ipratropium

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21
Q

Mucoregulator uses

A

severe cold

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22
Q

Mucoregulator moa

A
  1. Short-acting Muscarinic Receptor antagonist (SAMA)
  2. Block inflammation-induced parasympathetic cholinergic M3 receptor activation of submucosal glands/goblet cells
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23
Q

Mucoregulator roa

A

Intranasal

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24
Q

Mucoregulator ae

A
  1. Few ADR as little enters systemic circulation intranasally
  2. Unpleasant taste
  3. Dry mouth
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25
Q

Mast Cell Stabilizer examples

A

Cromoglicic Acid

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26
Q

Mast Cell Stabilizer uses

A

For severe cold symptoms

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27
Q

Mast Cell Stabilizer roa

A
  1. Intranasal
  2. Inhaled
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28
Q

Mast Cell Stabilizer moa

A
  1. Reduce Mast cell degranulation
  2. Secrete Annexin A1
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29
Q

Mast Cell Stabilizer ae

A
  1. Throat and nasal irritation, mouth dryness, cough
  2. Unpleasant/bitter taste
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30
Q

Beta2-Adrenoceptor Agonist examples

A

Non selective:
Epinephrine

Beta-2 selective:
Salbutamol (SABA)
Formoterol (LABA)
Salmeterol (LABA)

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31
Q

Beta2-Adrenoceptor Agonist uses

A

1st line bronchodilator for asthma

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32
Q

Beta2-Adrenoceptor Agonist moa

A

Airway smooth muscle relaxation -> bronchodilation

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33
Q

Beta2-Adrenoceptor Agonist roa

A

Epinephrine (IV/SC in emergency)
Salbutamol (Fast acting SABA: 2-3 hours) (Inhalation or IV in emergency)
Formoterol (Fast acting LABA: 12 hours) (Inhalation)
Salmeterol (Long acting LABA: 12 hours) (Inhalation)

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34
Q

Beta2-Adrenoceptor Agonist ae

A
  1. Tremor and muscle cramps
  2. Palpitations, tachycardia
  3. Beta-2 adrenoceptor tolerance - relievers may not work during attacks
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35
Q

Muscarinic Receptor Antagonist examples

A

Ipratropium Bromide
Tiotropium Bromide

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36
Q

Muscarinic Receptor Antagonist uses

A

1st line bronchodilator for COPD

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37
Q

Muscarinic Receptor Antagonist moa

A

Inhibit M3 receptor-mediated bronchoconstrictions

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38
Q

Muscarinic Receptor Antagonist roa

A

Inhalation
Ipratropium Bromide (SAMA)
Tiotropium Bromide (LAMA)

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39
Q

Muscarinic Receptor Antagonist ae

A
  1. Typical parasympatholytic effects - dry mouth, urinary retention
40
Q

Methylxanthines uses

A

acute severe asthma or COPD

41
Q

Methylxanthines examples

A

Theophylline

42
Q

Methylxanthines moa

A
  • Inhibits phosphodiesterases (PDEs)
    • prevent breakdown of cAMP
    • potentiates bronchodilation
43
Q

Methylxanthines roa

A
  1. Oral-ER
  2. IV
44
Q

Methylxanthines ae

A
  1. GI: Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, discomfort
  2. CNS: Nervousness, tremor, seizures, insomnia, anxiety
  3. Narrow therapeutic window
  4. Many DDIs: Caution for potential drug interactions
45
Q

Leukotrine Receptor Antagonist examples

A

Montelukast

46
Q

Leukotrine Receptor Antagonist uses

A

Adjunct therapy for mild to moderate asthma

47
Q

Leukotrine Receptor Antagonist moa

A

Relax airways in mild asthma

48
Q

Leukotrine Receptor Antagonist roa

A

Tablet

49
Q

Leukotrine Receptor Antagonist ae

A

Not used alone as reliever to rescue asthma attack

50
Q

Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICS) examples

A

Budesonide
Fluticasone
Ciclesonide

51
Q

Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICS) uses

A

First line prophylactic for asthma and COPD treatment - anti-inflammatory!!!!

52
Q

Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICS) moa

A

Reduce pro-inflammatory mediators in airways

53
Q

Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICS) roa

A
  1. Inhalation
  2. IV in acute asthma attack
54
Q

Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICS) ae

A
  1. Oropharyngeal Candidiasis
  2. Dysphonia
55
Q

Expectorant examples

A

Guaifenesin

56
Q

Expectorant uses

A

productive cough

57
Q

Expectorant roa

A

oral

58
Q

Expectorant moa

A

Produce more respiratory tract fluids to reduce viscosity of mucus secretions

59
Q

Expectorant ae

A

GI disturbance, Nausea

60
Q

Sympathomimetic Agents examples

A

Phenylephrine: Direct A-adrenoceptor Agonist:
Alpha-1 selective

Oxymetazoline: Direct A-adrenoceptor Agonist: Non-Selective

Naphazoline:Direct A-adrenoceptor Agonist: Non-Selective

Pseudoephedrine: Indirect rise in adrenaline release

Ephedrine:Indirect rise in adrenaline release

61
Q

Sympathomimetic Agents uses

A

For cold:
Reduce inflammation and secretion of mucus

62
Q

Sympathomimetic Agents moa

A

Vasoconstriction of nasal blood vessels

63
Q

Sympathomimetic Agents roa

A

Phenylephrine: oral or intranasal
Oxymetazoline: Intranasal
Naphazoline: Intranasal
Pseudoephedrine: oral or intranasal
Ephedrine: Intranasal

64
Q

Sympathomimetic Agents ae

A
  1. Rebound congestion
  2. CNS stimulation - Restlessness, tremors, irritability, anxiety, insomnia
  3. Dry mouth
65
Q

Nasal Glucocorticoid examples

A

Fluticasone
Mometasone

66
Q

Nasal Glucocorticoid uses

A

For cold: decrease mucus and congestion

67
Q

Nasal Glucocorticoid moa

A

Anti-inflammation

68
Q

Nasal Glucocorticoid roa

A

Intranasal

69
Q

Nasal Glucocorticoid ae

A

Local mucosal dryness and irritation

70
Q

what class of drug is Codeine

A

opioid antitussive

71
Q

what class of drug is Salmeterol

A

Beta2-Adrenoceptor Agonist (LABA)

72
Q

what class of drug is Fluticasone

A

Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICS)
Nasal Glucocorticoid

73
Q

what class of drug is Guaifenesin

A

expectorant

74
Q

what class of drug is Pseudoephedrine

A

Sympathomimetic Agents

75
Q

what class of drug is Carbocisteine

A

mucolytic

76
Q

what class of drug is Tiotropium Bromide

A

Muscarinic Receptor Antagonist (LAMA)

77
Q

what class of drug is Cromoglicic Acid

A

mast cell stabiliser

78
Q

what class of drug is Naphazoline

A

Sympathomimetic Agents

79
Q

what class of drug is Dextromethorphan

A

non opioid antitussive

80
Q

what class of drug is Epinephrine

A

Beta2-Adrenoceptor Agonist

81
Q

what class of drug is Salbutamol

A

Beta2-Adrenoceptor Agonist (SABA)

82
Q

what class of drug is Ciclesonide

A

Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICS)

83
Q

what class of drug is Mometasone

A

Nasal Glucocorticoid

84
Q

what class of drug is Ephedrine

A

Sympathomimetic Agents

85
Q

what class of drug is Ipratropium

A

Mucoregulator

86
Q

what class of drug is Acetylcysteine

A

Mucolytic

87
Q

what class of drug is Montelukast

A

Leukotrine Receptor Antagonist

88
Q

what class of drug is Phenylephrine

A

Sympathomimetic Agents

89
Q

what class of drug is Bromhexine

A

Mucokinetic

90
Q

what class of drug is Ipratropium Bromide

A

Muscarinic Receptor Antagonist (SAMA)

91
Q

what class of drug is Budesonide

A

Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICS)

92
Q

what class of drug is Oxymetazoline

A

Sympathomimetic Agents

93
Q

what class of drug is Diphenhydramine

A

non opioid antitussive

94
Q

what class of drug is Formoterol

A

Beta2-Adrenoceptor Agonist (LABA)

95
Q

what class of drug is Theophylline

A

Methylxanthines

Pharmacology (4 decks)

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