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CNS drugs Flashcards

1
Q

benzodiazepines examples

A
  • Short-acting: Midazolam
  • Intermediate-acting: Lorazepam, Alprazolam
  • Longer-acting: Diazepam, Clonazepam
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2
Q

benzodiazepines uses

A

Commonly used as anxiolytics (sleeping pills)

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3
Q

benzodiazepines moa

A

potentiates GABA actions by increasing the frequency of chloride channel opening

GABA is an inter-neuron which inhibits the excitation of other neurons

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4
Q

benzodiazepines roa

A
  1. Oral
  2. IV
    Midazolam, Lorazepam, Diazepam
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5
Q

benzodiazepines ae

A
  • CNS:
    • Increased drowsiness, decreased motor skills, increased reaction time
    • Anterograde amnesia
  • Paradoxical effects:
    • Excitement, hallucination, outburst of rage
  • Tolerance, dependence and withdrawal
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6
Q

Selective Serotonin Re-uptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) examples

A

Fluoxetine
Escitalopram
Sertraline
Paroxetine

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7
Q

Selective Serotonin Re-uptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) uses

A

Gold standard for depression, but usually not used due to to its adverse effects

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8
Q

Selective Serotonin Re-uptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) moa

A

Blocks re-uptake of Serotonin at the Serotonin Transporter (SERT)

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9
Q

Selective Serotonin Re-uptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) ae

A
  • Anxiety
  • Weight loss/gain
  • Headache, nausea
  • Hyponatremia
  • Risk of Serotonin syndrome: confusion, agitation, restlessness
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10
Q

Tricyclic Antidepressants examples

A

Amitriptyline
Imipramine

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11
Q

Tricyclic Antidepressants uses

A

Depression

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12
Q

Tricyclic Antidepressants moa

A

Inhibits both serotonin and norepinephrine uptake

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13
Q

Tricyclic Antidepressants ae

A
  • CNS:
    • Sedation, fatigue
  • Anticholinergic:
    • Glaucoma, blurred vision, urinary retention, constipation
  • Fatality in overdose
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14
Q

Serotonin Norepinephrine Re-uptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) examples

A

Venlafaxine

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15
Q

Serotonin Norepinephrine Re-uptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) uses

A

Depression

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16
Q

Serotonin Norepinephrine Re-uptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) moa

A

Inhibits both serotonin and norepinephrine uptake

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17
Q

Serotonin Norepinephrine Re-uptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) ae

A
  • CNS:
    • Agitation, irritable or drowsy
  • Hyponatremia
18
Q

typical (1st gen) antipsychotics examples

A

Haloperidol

19
Q

typical (1st gen) antipsychotics uses

A

High potency anti-psychotics

20
Q

typical (1st gen) antipsychotics moa

A

Typicals block D2 more than 5-HT2 receptors

21
Q

typical (1st gen) antipsychotics ae

A

Extrapyramidal side-effects — Blocks dopamine

22
Q

atypical (2nd gen) antipsychotics examples

A

Olanzapine, Clozapine

23
Q

atypical (2nd gen) antipsychotics uses

A

Anti-psychotics with less extrapyramidal side effects than 1st gen

24
Q

atypical (2nd gen) antipsychotics moa

A

Blocks 5-HT2 more than D2 receptors

25
Q

atypical (2nd gen) antipsychotics ae

A
  • Clozapine
    • Agranulocytosis in 2% of patients, weight gain, sedation
  • Olanzapine
    • Weight gain and sedation
26
Q

what class of drug is Paroxetine

27
Q

what class of drug is Lorazepam

A

Intermediate-acting Benzodiazepines

28
Q

what class of drug is Venlafaxine

29
Q

what class of drug is Alprazolam

A

Intermediate-acting Benzodiazepines

30
Q

what class of drug is Amitriptyline

31
Q

what class of drug is Clozapine

A

Atypical (2nd Gen) antipsychotics

32
Q

what class of drug is Sertraline

33
Q

what class of drug is Diazepam

A

Longer-acting Benzodiazepines

34
Q

what class of drug is Imipramine

35
Q

what class of drug is Haloperidol

A

Typical (1st Gen) antipsychotics

36
Q

what class of drug is Midazolam

A

Short-acting Benzodiazepines

37
Q

what class of drug is Escitalopram

38
Q

what class of drug is Clonazepam

A

Longer-acting Benzodiazepines

39
Q

what class of drug is Olanzapine

A

Atypical (2nd Gen) antipsychotics

40
Q

what class of drug is Fluoxetine

Pharmacology (4 decks)

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