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CVS drugs Flashcards

1
Q

ACE inhibitors examples

A

Lisinopril
Enalapril
Captopril

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2
Q

ACE inhibitors uses

A

hypertension

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3
Q

ACE inhibitors MOA

A
  1. Block conversion of Ang1 to Ang2
  2. Keep Bradykinin activated
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4
Q

ACE inhibitors ROA

A

Oral

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5
Q

ACE inhibitors AE

A
  1. Severe Hypotension
  2. Acute Renal failure
  3. Hyperkalemia
  4. Angioedema and Dry Cough

Contraindicated:
Pregnancy

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6
Q

AT1 blockers examples

A

Valsartan
Losartan
Candesartan

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7
Q

AT1 blockers uses

A

hypertension

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8
Q

AT1 blockers MOA

A

Competitively block Ang2 binding to AT1 receptors

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9
Q

AT1 blockers ROA

A

Oral

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10
Q

AT1 blockers AE

A

Less/no dry cough

Contraindication:
pregnancy

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11
Q

Beta blockers examples

A

Non-selective:
Carvedilol
Propranolol

Cardioselective (Beta-1):
Bisoprolol
Metoprolol

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12
Q

Beta blockers uses

A

hypertension, coronary disease, heart failure, arrythmias

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13
Q

Beta blockers MOA

A

Block beta 1 receptors on cardiomyocytes, blocking activation of Adenylyl Cyclase.

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14
Q

beta blockers ROA

A

Oral

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15
Q

beta blockers AE

A
  1. Hypotension
  2. Bradycardia
  3. Bronchoconstriction
  4. CNS e.g. depression”
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16
Q

thiazide diuretics examples

A

Hydrochlorothiazide
Indapamide

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17
Q

Thiazide diuretics uses

A

hypertension, heart failure

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18
Q

thiazide diuretics moa

A

Inhibit NaCl reabsorption by blocking Na/Cl transporter

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19
Q

thiazide diuretics roa

A

Oral

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20
Q

thiazide diuretics ae

A
  1. Hypokalaemic Metabolic Alkalosis
  2. Hyponatremia
  3. Hyperuricaemia
  4. Hyperglycaemia
  5. Hyperlipidaemia
  6. Hypercalcaemia”
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21
Q

hmg-coa reductase inhibitors examples

A

Atorvastatin
Pravastatin
Simvastatin

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22
Q

hmg-coa reductase inhibitors uses

A

lipid lowering in all hypercholesterolaemias

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23
Q

hmg-coa reductase inhibitors moa

A
  1. Competitively inhibit HMG-CoA reductase enzyme, the rate-limiting step in CRL synthesis
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24
Q

hmg-coa reductase inhibitors roa

A

Oral - given in evening

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25
Q

hmg-coa reductase inhibitors ae

A
  1. Liver - liver function abnormalities
  2. Muscle - Myopathy, rhabdomyolysis
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26
Q

fibrates/fibric acid examples

A

Gemfibrozil
Fenofibrate

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27
Q

fibrates/fibric acid uses

A

hypertriglyceridemias

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28
Q

fibrates/fibric acid ae

A
  1. GI effects - nausea
  2. Skin rashes
  3. Gallstones
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29
Q

niacin uses

A

Type 2b and 4 Hyperlipoproteinemia

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30
Q

niacin moa

A
  1. Inhibit lipolysis in adipose tissue, lowers VLDL and LDL levels
  2. increase in HDL levels
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31
Q

niacin roa

A

oral

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32
Q

niacin ae

A
  1. Intense cutaneous flush and pruritus
  2. Hyperuricemia, gout
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33
Q

Intestinal sterol absorption inhibitor examples

A

Ezetimibe
Vytorin: Ezetimibe+Simvastatin

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34
Q

Intestinal sterol absorption inhibitor uses

A

lower LDL
More potent as Vytorin

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35
Q

Intestinal sterol absorption inhibitor moa

A

Selectively inhibitor cholesterol transport protein, NPC1L1

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36
Q

Intestinal sterol absorption inhibitor roa

A

oral

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37
Q

Intestinal sterol absorption inhibitor ae

A

Low incidence of reversible impaired liver function

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38
Q

nitrates examples

A

Glyceryl Trinitrate
Isosorbide Mononitrate (ISMN)

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39
Q

nitrates uses

A

Glyceryl Trinitrates:
1. angina pectoris resolution
2. lipid lowering

Isosorbide Mononitrate (ISMN):
angina pectoris prophylaxis

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40
Q

nitrates moa

A

GTN:
Arteriolar dilation lowers peripheral resistence and blood pressure, lowering cardiac muscle oxygen consumption”

ISMN:
Dilate coronary arteries by lowering end diastolic pressure and volume -> lower intramural pressure -> improve subendocardial blood flow

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41
Q

nitrates roa

A

GTN:
1. Sublingual
2. Transdermal

ISMN:
Oral

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42
Q

nitrates ae

A

GTN:
1. Reflex tachycardia
2. Hypotension
3. Headache

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43
Q

calcium channel blockers examples

A

DHP calcium channel blockers: Nifedipine
Amlodipine

non-DHP calcium channel blockers: Verapamil
Diltiazem

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44
Q

calcium channel blockers uses

A

DHP calcium channel blockers:
Angina
Hypertension

non-DHP calcium channel blockers:
Arrhythmias

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45
Q

calcium channel blockers moa

A

DHP calcium channel blockers:
1. Lower Myocardial contractility lowers CO and helps Angina
2. Lower Myocardial contractility lowers BP and helps hypertension

non-DHP calcium channel blockers:
Lower SA and AV node -> lowers supraventricular re-entry tachycardia

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46
Q

calcium channel blockers roa

A

Oral

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47
Q

calcium channel blockers ae

A

Cardiac Depression:
1. Bradycardia
2. Heart Failure

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48
Q

aspirin uses

A

anti-clotting

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49
Q

aspirin moa

A

Irreversibly Blocks COX, stopping conversion of Arachidonic Acid to PGG2

50
Q

aspirin roa

51
Q

aspirin ae

A
  1. Bleeding (PGI2)
  2. Gastric upset, ulcers (PGE2)
  3. GI bleeding
52
Q

heparin uses

A

anti-clotting
when anti-coagulant is needed in surgery

53
Q

heparin moa

A

Bind to ATIII and cause conformational change, which exposes its active site for more rapid interaction with proteases.

54
Q

heparin roa

A

1.IV
2. Subcutaneous
3. IM - can cause haematomas

55
Q

heparin ae

A
  1. Haemorrhage: stop heparin therapy and administer protamin sulfate
  2. Thombosis and Thombocytopenia

*heparin crosses placenta less readily than warfarin

56
Q

warfarin uses

A

anti-clotting
when anti-coagulant is needed in surgery

57
Q

warfarin moa

A

Blocks Vit K reductase, blocking Vit K recycling

58
Q

warfarin roa

59
Q

warfarin ae

A
  1. Bleeding
  2. Banned for pregnancy
60
Q

thrombolytic agents examples

A

Streptokinase
Urokinase

61
Q

thrombolytic agents uses

A

EMERGENCY USE ONLY
1. Emergency treatment of Coronary Artery Thrombosis
2. Ischaemic stroke (<4.5hr window)

62
Q

thrombolytic agents moa

A

Enhance conversion of Plasminogen -> Plasmin

63
Q

thrombolytic agents roa

A
  1. Intracoronary injection
  2. IV
64
Q

thrombolytic agents ae

A
  1. Bleeding
  2. Banned for pregnancy
  3. Banned for healing wounds
65
Q

loop diuretics examples

A

Furosemide
Bumetanide

66
Q

loop diuretics uses

A

heart failure

67
Q

loop diuretics moa

A

Selectively inhibit luminal Na/K/Cl transporter in thick ascending limb of Loop of Henle

68
Q

loop diuretics roa

69
Q

loop diuretics ae

A
  1. Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis
  2. Hyperuricemia
70
Q

potassium sparing diuretics examples

A

Spironolactone
Amiloride

71
Q

potassium sparing diuretics uses

A

heart failure

72
Q

potassium sparing diuretics moa

A

Aldoesterone receptor blocker:
Spironolactone

Na channel blocker:
Amiloride

73
Q

potassium sparing diuretics ae

A
  1. Hyperkalemia
  2. Metabolic acidosis
  3. Gynecomastia
74
Q

hydralazine uses

A

hypertension
heart failure

75
Q

hydralazine moa

A

Direct Arteriole vasodilator

76
Q

hydralazine roa

77
Q

hydralazine ae

A
  1. Baroreflex associated sympathetic activation - flushing, hypotension, tachycardia
  2. Hydralazine - Induced Lupus Syndrome
78
Q

sodium channel blockers uses

A

arrythmias

79
Q

sodium channel blockers examples

A

CLASS 1A: Procainamide
CLASS 1B: Lidocaine
CLASS 1C: Flecainide

80
Q

sodium channel blockers moa

A

Procainamide
1. Slows Phase 0 depolarization
2. Increases ERP

Lidocaine
1. Shorten Phase 3 repolarization and APD
2. No change in ERP

Flecainide
1. Slows Phase 0 depolarization
2. No change in ERP

81
Q

potassium channel blockers examples

A

Amiodarone

82
Q

potassium channel blockers uses

A

arrythmias

83
Q

potassium channel blockers moa

A
  1. Prolong Phase 3 repolarization
  2. Increase ERP
84
Q

potassium channel blockers ae

A
  1. Symptomatic Bradycardia
  2. Heart Block
85
Q

what class of drug is Glyceryl Trinitrate

86
Q

what class of drug is Carvedilol

A

beta blocker

87
Q

what class of drug is Gemfibrozil

88
Q

what class of drug is Amlodipine

A

DHP Calcium Channel blockers

89
Q

what class of drug is Isosorbide Mononitrate (ISMN)

90
Q

what class of drug is Amiloride

A

Potassium-sparing Diuretics

91
Q

what class of drug is Nifedipine

A

DHP Calcium Channel blockers

92
Q

what class of drug is Losartan

A

AT1 blocker

93
Q

what class of drug is Bisoprolol

A

beta blockers

94
Q

what class of drug is Vytorin and what does it comprise

A

Intestinal sterol absorption inhibitor
Ezetimibe+Simvastatin

95
Q

what class of drug is Lidocaine

A

sodium channel blocker

96
Q

what class of drug is Atorvastatin

A

hmg coa reductase inhibitors

97
Q

what class of drug is Enalapril

A

ace inhibitor

98
Q

what class of drug is Bumetanide

A

loop diuretics

99
Q

what class of drug is Indapamide

A

thiazide diuretics

100
Q

what class of drug is Metoprolol

A

beta blockers

101
Q

what class of drug is Urokinase

A

thrombolytic agents

102
Q

what class of drug is Flecainide

A

sodium channel blocker

103
Q

what class of drug is Amiodarone

A

potassium channel blocker

104
Q

what class of drug is Captopril

A

ACE inhibitor

105
Q

what class of drug is Valsartan

A

AT1 blockers

106
Q

what class of drug is Pravastatin

A

hmg coa reductase inhibitors

107
Q

what class of drug is Hydrochlorothiazide

A

thiazide diuretics

108
Q

what class of drug is Diltiazem

A

non DHP calcium channel blockers

109
Q

what class of drug is Spironolactone

A

potassium sparing diuretics

110
Q

what class of drug is Furosemide

A

loop diuretics

111
Q

what class of drug is Streptokinase

A

thrombolytic agents

112
Q

what class of drug is Candesartan

A

AT1 blockers

113
Q

what class of drug is Propranolol

A

beta blockers

114
Q

what class of drug is Fenofibrate

115
Q

what class of drug is Ezetimibe

A

Intestinal sterol absorption inhibitor

116
Q

what class of drug is Verapamil

A

non DHP calcium channel blocker

117
Q

what class of drug is Simvastatin

A

hmg coa reductase inhibitor

118
Q

what class of drug is Procainamide

A

sodium channel blocker

119
Q

what class of drug is Lisinopril

A

ACE inhibitor

120
Q

Name all the classes of drugs for anti-arrythmics and their mechanisms

Pharmacology (4 decks)

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