Resp disease Flashcards
Respiratory disease
URT vs LRT
Mechanical
Collapsing trachea, brachycephalic syndrome
Allergic disease
Hay fever, asthma
Infectious diseases
Canine infectious respiratory disease (CIRD) complex (previously kennel cough), k9 influenza, FURD
Conditions that prevent inflation and air exchange
Recognizing resp emergencies
Atelectasis is
The collapse of part or all of a lung
Hemothorax is
Blood in pleural space
Plural effusion is
Fluid around the lung; in the pleural space
Pneumonia is
Inflammation of the lungs
Edema of the alveolar walls= thickening inflammatory cells move to the alveol
Pneumothorax is
A collection of air outside the lung but within the pleural space
Pulmonary edema is
Fluid accumulation in the alveoli
Tracheal collapse is
Mechanical condition do to makeup of the cartilage
Likely due to a genetic component
Can be anywhere in the trachea, all the way down into the lungs
Presentation of tracheal collapse
Can be incidental finding on a wellness exam
History of coughing
Often confused with kennel cough
Check if went to kennel; occurs during excitement
Can be resp distress- EMERGENCY
Treatment for tracheal collapse
Depends on the dog, severity of clinical signs and location of the tracheal collapse (intra vs extrathoracic)
Keep the patient calm
Cough suppressants
Stent
Emergency treatment
Sedation, bronchodilators, oxygen support
Prevention of tracheal collapse
Harness for walks- small breeds
Dental hygiene
Bordetella vaccination
Maintain at an ideal BCS
Responsible breeding
Avoid overheating
Controlled activity/excitement in severe cases
Anesthesia in an animal with tracheal collapse
Careful with ETT size selection
Ensure tube size is large enough
Intubation may exacerbate collapse distal to the ETT
Watch capnograph and oxygenation closely
Animals with severe tracheal collapse are at a high to very high anesthetic risk
Brachycephalic syndrome is and signalment
These animals have a mechanical resp condition
Signalment
Smooshy faced dogs and cats
English bulldogs, frenchies, pugs, pekingese, bostons
Himalayans, persians
Clinical signs are largely due to facial confirmation
Brachycephalic syndrome animals have what
Elongated soft palate
+ thickened tongue
+ stenotic nares
+ hypoplastic trachea
+/- everted laryngeal saccules
Decreased air flow
Brachycephalic syndrome CS
Noisy breathing, especially on inspiration- stertor
Retching or gagging when swallowing
Constant open mouth breathing
Exercise intolerance
Cyanosis
Collapse
Brachycephalic syndrome treatment and prevention
Responsible breeding
Weight control
Harness instead of collar
Prevent overheating
Surgical correction
Stenotic nares, elongated soft palate, everted laryngeal saccules
Complications of brachycephalics
Obesity- will make the clinical presentation worse
Increased risk of heat stroke
Risk cardiac disease
High risk of asphyxiation under sedation and GA
Watch from sedation until fully recovered
Is some brachycephalic, once they are awake, you can deflate the cuff, untie the tube and leave the tube in the airway. This keeps airway open but allows them to pull out the tube it it is causing a gag response
Allergic airway disease
Upper airway: allergic rhinotracheitis (hay fever)
Lower airway: asthma
Allergens
Antigens don’t cause harm BUT they turn on the immune system
Specific = always the same triggers
Allergic rhinotracheitis can affect
Eyes
Nose
Throat
Trachea
Caused by environmental allergens- often seasonal
Allergic rhinotracheitis treatment
Antihistamines
Allergen avoidance
Washing, keeping indoors, clean home
Sensitization
Injections manufactured for the specific pet
