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Passmed Resp + GI > Resp buzzwords > Flashcards

Resp buzzwords Flashcards

1
Q

Stony dull to percuss

A

Pleural effusion

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2
Q

Right sided pleuritic chest pain

A

Most likely pneumonia

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3
Q

Alveolar bat’s wings, Kerley B lines, cardiomegaly, dilated prominent upper lobe vessels Pleural effusion

A

Pleural Oedema

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4
Q

Ground-glass appearance on X-ray

A

Pulmonary fibrosis and Respiratory Distress Syndrome of the newborn

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5
Q

Ziehl-Neelsen stain positive for acid fast bacilli

A

TB

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6
Q

Caseous necrosis

A

TB

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7
Q

Apical diseases

A

Most likely (secondary) TB; apical lesion called Assmann focus

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8
Q

Spread of organism into bloodstream. If organism spread via pulmonary artery, miliary dissemination into the lung occurs. If organism spread via pulmonary vein, there is systemic dissemination to the liver, spleen, and kidneys.

A

Miliary Tuberculous

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9
Q

Positive anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

A

Goodpasture’s syndrome

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10
Q

Chest infection with a parrot/pigeon as pet

A

chlamydophila psittaci

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11
Q

Dry cough and diarrhoea after holiday abroad, some indication of water spread

A

Legionella pneumophila -> test urine for the antigen

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12
Q

“Tall, thin young man who indulges in marijuana” / smoker

A

pneumothorax (Marfan’s)

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13
Q

Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, erythema nodosum, granulomas, fatigue, uveitis and weight loss

A

Sarcoidosis

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14
Q

Bronchiole wider than neighbouring arteriole (on CT) (signet ring sign)

A

Bronchiectasis

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15
Q

“D sign on X ray”

A

Empyema

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16
Q

Child with barking cough

A

laryngotracheobronchitis/croup

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17
Q

HIV (treat with Co-tramoxazole [± prednisolone if severe])

A

Pneumocystis pneumonia

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18
Q

Asthma + Nasal Polyps + Salicylate sensitivity

A

Samter’s Triad

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19
Q

Alcoholic (danger of aspiration pneumonia)

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

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20
Q

identification of Klebsiella Pneumoniae

A

Red Jelly sputum

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21
Q

identification of Chlamydia psittaci

A

Mucoid sputum

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22
Q

identification of Pneumococcal pneumonia

A

Rusty sputum

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23
Q

Cannonball metastases (also weight loss and haematuria)

A

primary renal cell carcinoma

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24
Q

Morning headache

A

hypercapnia or Side effects of organic nitrates –> sleep apnea patients get this.

25
Q

ACTH secreting lung tumour

A

Small cell carcinoma of the lung

26
Q

Small cell carcinoma of the lung -> voltage gated calcium channels causing myasthenic like syndrome (weak muscle).

A

Lambert-eaton syndrome

27
Q

Associated with non-smokers

A

Adenosarcoma

28
Q

Expresses TTF1 + Mucin-+ve (staining)

A

Adenosarcoma

29
Q

Hypercalcaemia + PTH

A

Squamous carcinoma

30
Q

keratin pearls staining

A

Squamous carcinoma

31
Q

Horner syndrome + Muscle wasting + Invade the bone and nerve

A

Pancoast tumour

32
Q

Triad of: miosis (small pupil), ptosis (drooping of the eyelid)+ anhidrosis.

Lack of sweating on the ipsilateral (same side as invasion) side of the face

A

Pancoast tumour

33
Q

neuroendocrine, highly malignant, and may be associated with ectopic endocrine syndromes.

A

Small cell carcinoma

34
Q

Increased serum ACE and Ca2+

35
Q

Eggshell calcification at hilar region

36
Q

Central location of cancer

A

Small cell lung cancer

Squamous cell lung cancer

37
Q

Apex

A

Pancoast tumour

38
Q

Pleura

A

Mesothelioma

39
Q

Peripheral location

A

Adenocarcinoma

Large cell carcinoma

40
Q

Acute management of Asthma:

A 
O - Oxygen 
S - Salbutamol 
H - Hydrocortisone IV /Prednisolone PO
I - Ipratropium 
T - Theophyille IV / aminophylline IV
M - Magnesium 
An - Anaesthetist
41
Q

Thumbprint sign on head x ray

A

Epiglottitis

42
Q

Inspiratory whoop/barking cough

43
Q

Snow storm appearance on x ray

A

baritosis, silicosis

44
Q

Management of infective exacerbation of COPD:

A 
I - ipratropium
S - Salbutamol
O - Oxygen
A - amoxicillin
P - prednisolone
45
Q

What exclude Pulmonary Embolism

A

Low d-dimers

46
Q

High d-dimers

A

suspect (but not diagnose) Pulmonary Embolism (send for CTPA or V/Q scan)

47
Q

If large PE

A

use thrombolysis

48
Q

If small PE

A

Low Molecular Weight Hepari

49
Q

‘Coin lesion’ found on chest radiographs → a rounded solitary lesion

A

Primary bronchial or lung carcinoma, Metastatic tumour (esp. of kidney), Bronchial hamartoma, Carcinoid tumour, Granulomatous inflammation, Lung abscess.

50
Q

Area of infection and caseous necrosis at the periphery of the lung

A

Ghon Focus

51
Q

Visceral pleura into the pleural cavity will produce tuberculous pleurisy

A

Ghon Focus rupture (rare)

52
Q

‘Heart-failure cells’ seen in alveolar spaces → Macrophages that have absorbed haemosiderin - found in chronic pulmonary oedema, and associated (severe) left-ventricular heart failure.

A

long-standing pulmonary hypertension.

53
Q

Non-caseating granulomas with epitheliod cells

A

Sarcoidosis

54
Q

Steeple sign on the CXR

A

Indication of croups (caused by parainfluenza 1 + 2 / RVS)

55
Q

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

A

Appears as honey-comb on CXR, Crackles + SOB, clubbing, dry cough.
May be due to gastric reflex - scar tissue
Common in smokers + older people, Drugs (antiarrhythmics, antibiotics, Antiinflammation + chemotherapy)

Treatments: Steroids, Pireni, ninte (antifibrotics) + O2 +lung transplant.

56
Q

Sarcoidosis

A

Granuloma inflammation
Can trigger someone who is genetically susceptible - Acute/chronic
Causes are unknown

57
Q

Pneumoconiosis

A

Mineral dust exposure - inhaled - inflammation

58
Q

Hypersensitive pneumonitis

A

farmers lung - chronic exposure - Type 3/4 hypersensitivity reaction

59
Q

Extrinsic Allergy alveolitis

A

acute (high exposure) / chronic (gradual exposure)

Passmed Resp + GI (5 decks)

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