Passmed buzzwords Flashcards
T1
less than 3 cm
T2
between 3 cm and 7 cm
T3
more than 7 cm, involves invasion of the chest wall, parietal pleura, diaphragm, phrenic nerve, mediastinal pleura, or parietal pericardium
T4
any size but involves invasion of other structures
Small cell lung cancer
central, ADH (hyponatraemia), ACTH secretion (Cushing’s syndrome)
Kaposi’s sarcoma
HHV8 (human herpes virus 8) occurs in HIV patient’s.
Foetal Hydrops
Parovirus B19
Glandular fever / Hodgkin / Burkitt’s lymphoma
Epstein-Barr V
Genital warts and cervical cancer
Human papilloma V
Coryza (common cold)
Rhinovirus (more common) / coronavirus (less common)
Respiratory syncytial virus
Bronchiolitis
Parainfluenza virus or sometimes RVS
croups
Rhinovirus
cold
Streptococcus pneumoniae
The most common cause ofcommunity-acquired pneumonia
Haemophilus influenzae
Community-acquired pneumonia
Most common cause ofbronchiectasis exacerbations Acute epiglottitis
Staphylococcus aureus
Pneumonia, particularlyfollowing influenza
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Atypical pneumonia
Flu-like symptoms classically precede a dry cough.
Legionella pneumophilia
Atypical pneumonia
spread by air-conditioning systems, causes dry cough.
Pneumocystis jiroveci
common in HIV patients
FEV1 - significantly reduced
FVC - reduced or normal (asthma)
Ratios - reduced
OLD
FEV1 - reduced
FVC - significantly reduced
Ratios - normal or increased
RLD
Epiglottitis
muffled voice, drooling and there may be stridor or difficulty in breathing.
Acute tonsillitis
Until age of 6, tonsils are hyperplastic
Metabolic acidosis
low pH + HCO3 hyperkalemia severe diarrhoea + vomiting renal failure shock nausea diabetes ketoacidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
low HOC2 + high pH
hypokalaemia
muscle cramps
confusion
Respiratory alkalosis
hyperventilation
increased pH and low pCO2
Respiratory acidosis
hypoventilation – hypoxia
increased pCO2
decreased pH
black bag
Household waste
blue bag
confidential waste
Clear bag
paper towels in toilet area
Red bag
soiled laundry
orange bag
Clinical waste
yellow bag
Theatre e.g. amputed limbs
Yellow sharps blue lid
medications vials with residual medicine
Yellow sharps red lid
needles, syrings, other sharps
N1
ipsilateral hilar or peribronchial lymph nodes
N2
ipsilateral mediastinal and/or subcarinal lymph nodes
week 1 of pregnancy
Implantation
week 2 of pregnancy
Formation of bilaminar disk
week 3 of pregnancy
Formation of primitive streak
Formation of notochord
Gastrulation
week 4 of pregnancy
Limb buds begin to form
Neural tube closes
Heart begins to beat
week 10 of pregnancy
Genitals are differentiated
Intermittent breathing movements
Community-acquired pneumonia Treatment
[0-2] mild/mod - Amox (or Doxy)
[2] severe - Amox + Doxy (levofloxcin)
[3] ICU - Amox + clarithromycin (Levo + clari)
Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia Treatment
If developed within 48 hours after hospital admission.
Non-severe - Amox
Severe - Amox + met + get (if allergic to pen - co-trimoxazole).
Aspired pneumonia Treatment
Non-severe - Amox + met
Severe - Amox + genti + met
