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misc > resp anatomy > Flashcards

resp anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

anatomical functions of nose

A

inhaled air warmed by conchae and septum,
filtration & obstruction of foreign particles,
assists phonation& sensation of smell (CNI)

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2
Q

function of pharynx and tonsils

A

assists phonation,
initiates deglutition,
defense against pathogens,
enlarges with inflammation and tumor

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3
Q

ring of tonsils

A 
adenoid,
eustachian,
palatine,
lingual,
sublingual
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4
Q

Mallampati class 1

A

full view of uvula and tonsillar pillars, soft palate

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5
Q

mallampati class 2

A

partial view of uvula or uvular base, partial view of tonsils, soft palate

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6
Q

Mallampati class3

A

soft palate only

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7
Q

Mallampati class 4

A

hard palate only

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8
Q

glossoptosis

A

collapse of oropharynx, tongue dropping posteriorly

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9
Q

Macroglossia

A

large tongue, (common in Down syndrome)

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10
Q

Micrognathia

A

small jaw, mandible

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11
Q

Microgenia

A

small chin

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12
Q

Microstomia

A

small mouth

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13
Q

Malocclusion

A

upper protrusion “buck teeth,” overbite

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14
Q

Location Adult Larynx

A

Anterior to 3rd-6th cervical vertebre

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15
Q

Location of Larynx at birth

A

level at C3-4

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16
Q

A-O extension

A

normally 35 degrees

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17
Q

Larynx function

A 
functions as airway protective sphincter,
closes off airway during swallowing,
supports vocal cords,
modulates speech,
provides autoPEEP
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18
Q

Compartments of Larynx

A

Supraglottis,
Glottis(Ventricles),
Infraglottis

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19
Q

Supraglottis Compartment anatomy

A

Epiglottis,

False vocal cords

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20
Q

Glottis (ventricles) anatomy

A

True vocal cords,
Rima glottis- in adults the narrowest portion of upper airway,
Arytenoids

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21
Q

Infraglottis Compartment anatomy

A

Below vocal cords,
Cricoid Cartilage,
Trachea

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22
Q

Unpaired Cartilage Larynx

A

Epiglottis
Thyroid
Cricoid

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23
Q

Paired Cartilage Larynx

A

Arytenoid
Corniculate
Cuneiform

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24
Q

Attach larynx to bone or pharynx,

move larynx during swallowing

A

Extrinsic muscles of larynx

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25
Q

One set alters the size and shape of larynx,

other move the true vocal cords

A

intrinsic larynx muscle set (two sets)

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26
Q

pulls epiglottis down over larynx

A

Aryepliglottic (first set intrinsic muscle) (RLN)

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27
Q

Assist pulling epiglottis down

A

Thyroepiglottic (first set intrinsic muscle) (RLN)

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28
Q

Pulls arytenoids together, Adducter 1st set

A

Oblique Arytenoid (first set intrinsic muscle) (RLN)

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29
Q

Tensor of Vocal Cords

A

Cricothyroid (2nd set intrinsic muscles) (*External SLN)

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30
Q

Thyroarytenoid

A

Relaxor of VC (2nd set)

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31
Q

Adductors 2nd set

A

Lateral Cricoarytenoid
Transverse Arytenoid
2nd set

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32
Q

Abductors

A

Posterior Cricoarytenoid
Vocalis (weak)
2nd set

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33
Q

Direction larynx moves during swallowing

34
Q

hyoid bone elevators

A

suprahyoid (indirectly move larynx)

35
Q

Muscles directly attach to larynx

A 
Thyrohyoid,
Stylopharyngeus,
Palatopharyngeus,
Salpingopharyngeus,
Inferior constrictor
36
Q

Laryngeal membranes

A

Thyrohoid membrane,
Quadrangular Membrane,
Cricothyroid membrane

37
Q

Left Recurrent laryngeal nerve provides sensory innervation to

A

infraglottis sensory innervation?

38
Q

Damage to RLN

A

vocal cord adduction cause

39
Q

Vagus nerve branch

A

CN X,
Recurrent laryngeal nerve,
Superior laryngeal nerve

40
Q

Superior laryngeal nerves divides into two nerves

A

Internal SLN,

External SLN,

41
Q

Internal SLN provides

A

Sensation to supraglottic and ventricle compartment,

STIMULATION CAUSES LARYNGOSPASM

42
Q

Stimulation causes laryngeal spasm

A

Internal SLN

43
Q

External SLN provides

A

motor innervation of cricothyroid muscle

44
Q

Sphenopalatine ganglion innervation

A

(middle division of CN V),
nasal mucosa,
superior pharynx, uvula,
tonsils

45
Q

Glossopharyngeal nerve innervation

A

(CN IX),
(lingual back 1/3, pharyngeal, tonsillar nerves),
oral pharynx,
supraglottic region

46
Q

Internal branch superior laryngeal nerve innervation

A

(CN X),
mucous membrane above the VCs,
glottis

47
Q

Recurrent Laryngeal nerve

A

(CN X),

trachea below VC’s

48
Q

Epiglottis

A

positioned UPRIGHT to allow air passage during inspiration

49
Q

Vallecula

A

space anterior to the epiglottis at root of tongue (mac laryngoscope end placed here)

50
Q

Pressure on the hyoepiglottic ligament

A

LIFTS epiglottis during laryngoscopy

51
Q

what pushes epiglottis downward during swallowing

A

base of tongue

52
Q

Direct Laryngoscopy Grade 1

A

full view of vocal cords, glottis

53
Q

Grade 2 laryngoscopy

A

partial view of vocal cords, arytenoid and corniculate cartilages

54
Q

Grade 3

A

Only epiglottis visualized

55
Q

Grade 4

A

Only soft palate visualized

56
Q

Posterior Cricoarytenoid muscles only

A

Abductor muscles

57
Q

Recurrent laryngeal nerve stimulation

A

opens vocal cords (think phlegm in trachea, open to cough out)

58
Q

Recurrent laryngeal nerve responsible for

A

adduction of vf

59
Q

SLN tenses VF via

A

cricothyroid muscle

60
Q

air is forced between closed cords causes

61
Q

Increased tension of VC creates

A

higher-pitched

62
Q

Intensity

A

stronger blasts of air cause VC to vibrate more and louder sounds

63
Q

Sellick Maneuver

A

Pressure on the cricoid applied posteriorly closes the esophagus,
prevent gastric regurg,
aligns glottic opening,
prevents vent of air into stomach

64
Q

Narrowest portion of upper airway in children

A

Cricoid ring until age 8yrs, reason uncuffed ETT

65
Q

Carina level

66
Q

Carina distance from teeth

67
Q

Lenght and diameter of trachea

A

12.5-18cm,

18-20mm diameter

68
Q

Shape of trachea cartilage and number

A

C-shaped (allow expansion of esophagus),

20-25

69
Q

placement of ETT depth

A

3x tube size.

ex 7.0=21cm

70
Q

primary bronchus is slightly straighter and wider, aspiration more likely

71
Q

conducting airways

A

ventilation but no perfusion

72
Q

amount of breath that remains in airway

A

30%, (150cc/700cc breath),

2cc/kg or pts wt. in lbs.

73
Q

Acinus

A

gas exchange segment,

resp bronchiole, alveolar ducts and sacs, alveoli

74
Q

What allows gas exchange between airspace and pulmonary cap

A

simple diffusion

75
Q

Found from larynx to bronchi and removes trapped particles

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithilium (cilia beat 1000-1500 cycles/min) disabled by smoke

76
Q

Release mucous granules into airway lumen

A

Goblet cells,

increase with injury and infection

77
Q

located in smaller bronchiole which lack goblet cells

A

clara cells-produce mucus- poor, watery proteinaceous material

78
Q

Cell types of alveolar wall

A 
Type I pneumocyte
Type II pneumocyte,
macrophages,
septal cells (fibroblasts)(maintenance of conn. tissue of lung),
mast cells(produce histamine)
79
Q

Type I pneumocyte increase

A

alveolar surface area

80
Q

Secretes surfactant

A

Type II Pneumocyte

81
Q

Surfactant

A

mix of proteins, phopholipids (phosphatidylcholine) and ions.
Diminishes surface tension,
prevent alveolar collapse during expiration(important in neonates)
Maturation occur 24weeks.

82
Q

Thin bone at top of nasal passage

A

Cribiform plate of ethmoid bone

misc (28 decks)

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