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misc > Radiation Chem > Flashcards

Radiation Chem Flashcards

1
Q

Absorbed dose

A

The energy per unit mass from absorbed radiation

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2
Q

________ was historically used to quantify absorbed dose

A

Rad (radiation absorbed dose)

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3
Q

One rad of radiation deposits _______ of material

A

100ergs/g

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4
Q

1erg=

A

1x10^-7 J

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5
Q

At the most basic level, ionizing radiation ______ electrons from atoms and molecules.

A

Removes

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6
Q

Biological effects due to radiation are termed _______ when they occur in the exposed organism

A

Somatic

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7
Q

Biological effects from radiation exposure that occur in the exposed organism

A

Somatic effects

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8
Q

Effects or mutations from radiation exposure passed on to future generations

A

Genetic effects

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9
Q

What has been developed to account for various radiation sensitivities of the different tissues and organs?

A

Tissue weighting factors

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10
Q

Alara principle

A

As low as reasonably achievable

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11
Q

What three things to enforce alara

A

Time, distance, shielding

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12
Q

The dose is__________ to the inverse of the square of the radius. This if you double the distance you reduce the dose by a factor of

A

Proportional, four

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13
Q

Us uses a signal generator that ___________ through tissues and a transducer to record the time delay for returning reflected sound waves

A

Transmita sound waves

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14
Q

Periodic disturbance or motion

A

Waves

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15
Q

Composed of up and down movement

A

Transverse waves

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16
Q

Composed of back and forth movement along the direction of the wave

A

Longitudinal waves

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17
Q

Example of longitudinal waves

A

Sound waves

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18
Q

Waves per second, measured in cycles per second called hertz(Hz)

A

Frequency

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19
Q

Distance from one wave top to the next

A

Wavelength

20
Q

How far the wave “slides”

A

Period or phase shift

21
Q

Height of the wave

A

Amplitude

22
Q

Measured in meters per second

A

Speed

23
Q

Crest is the wave top, trough is the wave bottom

A

Wave part

24
Q

Can be reflected, refracted, diffracted or absorbed by other waves

A

Pressure waves

25
Q

Waves reflect off of a medium at the same but opposite angle, the angle of incidence is the angle at which a wave strikes a medium

A

Reflection

26
Q

Redirection due to contact with a new medium

A

Refraction

27
Q

Spreading or scattering; bending around an object

A

Diffraction

28
Q

Conversion to heat and resultant dissipation

A

Attenuation

29
Q

Us made possible by these, are both signal generators and signal transducers

A

Piezoelectric crystals

30
Q

The rate at which the crystal vibrates is called

A

Resonant frequency

31
Q

What is the shape change caused by an electric current creates a pressure fluctuation around the crystal

A

Pressure wave

32
Q

What describes the change in frequency of a propagated wave from a moving object?

A

Doppler effect

33
Q

What zone of mri poses greatest risk to injury and most stringent guidelines

A

Zone 4

34
Q

radiation is heat transfer that involves _____ ________

A

electromagnetic waves

35
Q

examples of electromagnetic waves

A

radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, xrays, and gamma rays

36
Q

a spontaneous process in which an unstable nucleus transitions from a higher energy level to a lower energy level

A

radioactive decay

37
Q

a nuclide that undergoes radioactive decay

A

radionuclide

38
Q

(low energy photons) radiation that does not have energy to ionize matter is called

A

non-ionizing

39
Q

exposure of matter to non-ionizing radiation results in

A

rotation, vibration, or excitation of electrons within atoms or molecules (can still have harmful effects UV on skin)

40
Q

xrays, gamma rays, alpha particles, and beta particles have sufficient energy to

A

ionize atoms and molecules

41
Q

Can ionizing radiation break chemical bonds?

A

yes

42
Q

radionuclides occur in the envrironment as a result of humans

A

anthropogenic

43
Q

radionuclides formed from space

A

cosmogenic

44
Q

radionuclides have been around since the earliest times

A

primordial

45
Q

unit of radiation exposure

A

roentgen (R)

misc (28 decks)

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