Radiation Chem

Question 1

Absorbed dose

Answer 1

The energy per unit mass from absorbed radiation

Question 2

________ was historically used to quantify absorbed dose

Answer 2

Rad (radiation absorbed dose)

Question 3

One rad of radiation deposits _______ of material

Answer 3

100ergs/g

Question 4

1erg=

Answer 4

1x10^-7 J

Question 5

At the most basic level, ionizing radiation ______ electrons from atoms and molecules.

Answer 5

Removes

Question 6

Biological effects due to radiation are termed _______ when they occur in the exposed organism

Answer 6

Somatic

Question 7

Biological effects from radiation exposure that occur in the exposed organism

Answer 7

Somatic effects

Question 8

Effects or mutations from radiation exposure passed on to future generations

Answer 8

Genetic effects

Question 9

What has been developed to account for various radiation sensitivities of the different tissues and organs?

Answer 9

Tissue weighting factors

Question 10

Alara principle

Answer 10

As low as reasonably achievable

Question 11

What three things to enforce alara

Answer 11

Time, distance, shielding

Question 12

The dose is__________ to the inverse of the square of the radius. This if you double the distance you reduce the dose by a factor of

Answer 12

Proportional, four

Question 13

Us uses a signal generator that ___________ through tissues and a transducer to record the time delay for returning reflected sound waves

Answer 13

Transmita sound waves

Question 14

Periodic disturbance or motion

Answer 14

Waves

Question 15

Composed of up and down movement

Answer 15

Transverse waves

Question 16

Composed of back and forth movement along the direction of the wave

Answer 16

Longitudinal waves

Question 17

Example of longitudinal waves

Answer 17

Sound waves

Question 18

Waves per second, measured in cycles per second called hertz(Hz)

Answer 18

Frequency

Question 19

Distance from one wave top to the next

Answer 19

Wavelength

Question 20

How far the wave “slides”

Answer 20

Period or phase shift

Question 21

Height of the wave

Answer 21

Amplitude

Question 22

Measured in meters per second

Answer 22

Speed

Question 23

Crest is the wave top, trough is the wave bottom

Answer 23

Wave part

Question 24

Can be reflected, refracted, diffracted or absorbed by other waves

Answer 24

Pressure waves

Question 25

Waves reflect off of a medium at the same but opposite angle, the angle of incidence is the angle at which a wave strikes a medium

Answer 25

Reflection

Question 26

Redirection due to contact with a new medium

Answer 26

Refraction

Question 27

Spreading or scattering; bending around an object

Answer 27

Diffraction

Question 28

Conversion to heat and resultant dissipation

Answer 28

Attenuation

Question 29

Us made possible by these, are both signal generators and signal transducers

Answer 29

Piezoelectric crystals

Question 30

The rate at which the crystal vibrates is called

Answer 30

Resonant frequency

Question 31

What is the shape change caused by an electric current creates a pressure fluctuation around the crystal

Answer 31

Pressure wave

Question 32

What describes the change in frequency of a propagated wave from a moving object?

Answer 32

Doppler effect

Question 33

What zone of mri poses greatest risk to injury and most stringent guidelines

Answer 33

Zone 4

Question 34

radiation is heat transfer that involves _____ ________

Answer 34

electromagnetic waves

Question 35

examples of electromagnetic waves

Answer 35

radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, xrays, and gamma rays

Question 36

a spontaneous process in which an unstable nucleus transitions from a higher energy level to a lower energy level

Answer 36

radioactive decay

Question 37

a nuclide that undergoes radioactive decay

Answer 37

radionuclide

Question 38

(low energy photons) radiation that does not have energy to ionize matter is called

Answer 38

non-ionizing

Question 39

exposure of matter to non-ionizing radiation results in

Answer 39

rotation, vibration, or excitation of electrons within atoms or molecules (can still have harmful effects UV on skin)

Question 40

xrays, gamma rays, alpha particles, and beta particles have sufficient energy to

Answer 40

ionize atoms and molecules

Question 41

Can ionizing radiation break chemical bonds?

Answer 41

yes

Question 42

radionuclides occur in the envrironment as a result of humans

Answer 42

anthropogenic

Question 43

radionuclides formed from space

Answer 43

cosmogenic

Question 44

radionuclides have been around since the earliest times

Answer 44

primordial

Question 45

unit of radiation exposure

Answer 45

roentgen (R)