Resp Flashcards
Stony dull to percuss
Pleural Effusion
Right sided pleuritic chest pain
most likely pneumonia
Alveolar bat’s wings, Kerley B lines, cardiomegaly, dilated prominent upper lobe vessels, pleural effusion
Pulmonary oedema
Ground-glass appearance on X-ray
Pulmonary fibrosis
OR Respiratory Distress
Syndrome (in newborn)
Ziehl-Neelsen stain positive for acid fast bacilli
TB
Caseous necrosis
TB
Assmann focus
Apical lesion of secondary TB infection
Apical TB
most likely secondary TB
Miliary TB
spread of organism into bloodstream
If TB spread via pulmonary artery, it spreads to ———
the lung
If TB spread via pulmonary vein, it spreads to ———
liver, spleen and kidneys
Positive anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies (anti-GBM)
Goodpasture’s syndrome
Chest infection with a parrot/pigeon as pet
caused by chlamydophila psittaci
Dry cough and diarrhoea after holiday abroad, some indication of water spread
Legionella pneumophila (test urine for antigens)
“Very tall, thin young man who indulges in marijuana”
probably pneumothorax (Marfan’s)
Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, erythema nodosum, granulomas, fatigue, uveitis and weight loss
Sarcoidosis
Signet ring sign (bronchiole wider than neighbouring arteriole on CT)
Bronchiectasis
D sign on x ray
Empyema
“Steeple” sign on x ray
croup
laryngotracheobronchitis
croup
Child with barking cough
croup
Pneumocystis pneumonia
HIV
Pneumocystis pneumonia is treated with ———
Co-tramoxazole (± prednisolone if
severe)
Asthma + nasal polyps + salicylate sensitivity
Samter’s triad
Alcoholic (danger of aspiration pneumonia)
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Red Jelly sputum
Klebsiella Pneumoniae
Mucoid sputum
Chlamydia psittaci
Rusty sputum
Pneumococcal pneumonia
Cannonball metastases
Primary renal cell carcinoma
also weight loss and haematuria
Morning headache
Hypercapnia OR
side effects of organic nitrates
ACTH secreting lung tumour
Small cell lung cancer
PTH secreting lung tumour
Squamous cell lung cancer
Small-cell carcinoma
neuroendocrine, highly malignant, may be associated with ectopic endocrine syndromes
Female, heavy smoker - lung cancer
Small cell lung cancer
Young black female
probably sarcoidosis
Non-smoker + lung cancer
(peripheral) adenocarcinoma
Increased serum ACE and Ca2+
Sarcoid
Eggshell calcification at hilar region
Silicosis
Haemosiderin
In ‘heart-failure cells’ seen in alveolar spaces.
Macrophages absorb haemosiderin (found in chronic pulmonary oedema, associated with severe LVHF, or long-standing pulmonary hypertension)
Ghon Focus
TB - caseous necrosis at periphery of lung,
beneath the pleura
‘Coin lesion’ found on chest radiographs
rounded solitary lesion, commonly primary cancer, metastatic tumour (esp of kidney), bronchial hamartoma, granulomatous inflammation, or lung abscess.
Ptosis (drooping of eyelid), small pupils, unilateral loss of sweating on one side
Horner’s Syndrome
Horner’s Syndrome
Pancoast’s tumour OR local spread of cancer to the
intrathoracic nodes
Pancoast tumour
Tumour at lung apex
Moderate asthma attack
PEF > 50-75%
Speech normal, oxygen sats above 92%, RR/HR normal
Moderate asthma attack management
Salbutamol via spacer, oral prednisolone
Acute severe asthma attack
PEF > 33-50%
Can’t complete sentences, oxygen sats above 92%, RR > 25, HR > 110
Acute severe asthma attack management
Oxygen, salbutamol nebulised, oral prednisolone (OR IV hydrocortisone)
Life-threatening asthma attack
PEF < 33%
Loss of consciousness, exhaustion, silent chest, cyanosis, hypotension, arrhythmia etc…
oxygen sats below 92%, RR > 25, HR > 110
Life-threatening asthma attack management
Oxygen, salbutamol (+ ipratropium) nebulised, oral prednisolone (OR IV hydrocortisone)
Life-threatening asthma attack - unresponsive to treatment
consider continuous nebulised salbutamol, or single dose magnesium sulphate.
consider ventilation
Thumbprint sign on head x ray
Epiglottitis