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BUZZWORDS > Cardio > Flashcards

Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

Patient has fever and pleuritic chest pain that is relieved by sitting up and leaning forward

A

Pericarditis

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2
Q

. Irregularly irregular pulse

A

Atrial Fibrillation

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3
Q

ECG - saw tooth baseline + 150 bpm

A

Atrial Flutter

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4
Q

Alveolar bat’s wings, Kerley B lines, cardiomegaly, dilated prominent upper lobe vessels, pleural effusion

A

Pulmonary oedema

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5
Q

Raised JVP/hepatojugular

A

Right-sided heart failure

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6
Q

Sense of impending doom

A

MI

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7
Q

Saddle shaped ST elevation

A

Pericarditis

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8
Q

Broad complex tachycardia

A

Ventricular problem

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9
Q

Mid-diastolic murmur

A

Mitral Stenosis

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10
Q

Tapping, un-displaced apex beat

A

Mitral Stenosis

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11
Q

Broad QRS with slurred upstroke on R wave (delta wave)

A

Wolff-Parkinson White syndrome

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12
Q

Tall, tented T waves

A

Hyperkalaemia (and wide QRS complexes)

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13
Q

Patient gets pericarditis 4-6 weeks post MI

A

Dressler’s syndrome

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14
Q

“Blurred yellowing vision headache”

A

Digoxin Toxicity

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15
Q

Janeway Lesions/Osler’s Nodes

A

Subacute bacterial endocarditis

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16
Q

Continuous Machine like Heart Murmur

A

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)

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17
Q

Rib Notching on CXR

A

Coarctation of the aorta

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18
Q

Crescendo decrescendo murmur

A

Aortic Stenosis

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19
Q

Diminished/absent lower limb pulses

A

Coarctation of the aorta

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20
Q

MRS ASS

A

Mitral Regurgitation Systolic, Aortic Stenosis Systolic

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21
Q

Slow rising pulse

A

Aortic stenosis

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22
Q

Collapsing pulse

A

Aortic regurgitation

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23
Q

Bounding pulse

A

Acute CO2 retention, sepsis

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24
Q

Radiofemoral delay

A

Coarctation of aorta

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25
Q

Jerky pulse

A

Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy

OR mitral regurgitation

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26
Q

Pulsus bisferiens

A

Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy

biphasic pulse

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27
Q

Pulsus paradoxus

A

Cardiac tamponade, constrictive pericarditis

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28
Q

Raised, fixed JVP

A

SVC obstruction

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29
Q

JVP rising on inspiration

A

Cardiac tamponade, constrictive pericarditis

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30
Q

Side effect of ACEI

A

Dry cough

Contraindicated in Renal artery stenosis

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31
Q

Radial-radial delay

A

Aortic dissection/coarctation of aorta

32
Q

Splinter haemorrhages

A

Infective endocarditis

33
Q

Infective endocarditis organisms

A

Prosthetic valves or IV drug users = staph aureus

In mouth after dental surgery = strep viridans

34
Q

Atrial myxoma

A

Non-cancerous tumour in upper left/right side of heart; most often grows on wall that separates the two sides.

35
Q

Cardiac tamponade

A

Collection of blood/fluid/pus/clots/gas around the heart/pericardial space that prevents contractions. Medical emergency.

36
Q

Treatment of pericarditis

A

Pain relief; NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug)

37
Q

Tetralogy of fallot

A

Congenital heart disease.

1) large ventricular septal defect
2) overriding aorta
3) right ventricular outflow obstruction
4) right ventricular hypertrophy

38
Q

Wide pulse pressure

A

Aortic regurgitation

Also aortic dissection, complete heart block, thyrotoxicosis, persistent ductus arteriosus

39
Q

Absent ‘a’ waves

40
Q

Cannon ‘a’ waves

A

Complete heart block

41
Q

Loud first heart sound

A

Mitral Stenosis

42
Q

Displaced, overloaded apex beat

A

HLHS valve regurgitation

43
Q

Soft first heart sound

A

Mitral Regurgitation

44
Q

Narrow pulse pressure

A

Aortic Stenosis

45
Q

Soft second heart sound

A

Aortic Stenosis

46
Q

Malar flush

A

Mitral Stenosis

47
Q

Pulsatile hepatomegaly

A

Tricuspid Regurgitation

48
Q

Corrigan’s sign

A

i.e. Collapsing pulse

= Aortic Regurgitation

49
Q

de Musset’s Sign

A

Aortic Regurgitation

Head nodding

50
Q

Capillary pulsations in nail-bed (Quincke’s sign)

A

Aortic Regurgitation

51
Q

Pistol-shot heard over femorals (Traube’s sign)

A

Aortic Regurgitation

52
Q

Fixed split second heart sound

A

ASD (atrial septal defect)

53
Q

Cyanosis first day of life

Chest x-ray: egg-shaped ventricles

A

Transposition of the great vessels

54
Q

Cyanosis first month of life

Chest x-ray: boot-shaped heart

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

55
Q

Bifid ‘p’ wave

A

Mitral Stenosis

56
Q

Peaked ‘p’ wave

A

Tricuspid Stenosis

57
Q

S I, Q III, T III pattern

deep S waves in I, Q waves in III, inverted T waves in III

58
Q

Flattened ‘t’ waves, prominent ‘U’ waves (muscle weakness, cramps, tetany)

A

Hypokalaemia

59
Q

Long QT (which electrolyte imbalance)

A

Hypocalcaemia

60
Q

Reciprocal changes V1, V2 (tall R waves, ST depression, tall upright T waves)

A

Posterior MI

61
Q

drug causing - impotence

A

beta blockers

62
Q

drug causing - cold peripheries

A

beta blockers

63
Q

drug causing - SOB

A

beta blockers

64
Q

drug causing - dry cough

A

ace inhibitors

65
Q

drug causing - Gynaecomastia

A

spironolactone

66
Q

drug causing - constipation

67
Q

drug causing - ankle oedema

A

nifedipine

68
Q

drug causing - gout

A

thiazide diuretics

69
Q

drug causing - increased hair growth

70
Q

drug causing - SLE (lupus)

A

hydralazine

71
Q

Distant heart sounds, distended jugular veins, decreased arterial pressure

A

acute cardiac tamponade (Beck’s triad - 3Ds)

72
Q

Shock and new systolic murmur, days after MI

A

Ventricular septal defect

73
Q

Rhythm where patient is pulseless and cardioversion is always required

74
Q

Alcohol-related heart abnormality

A

Dilated cardiomyopathy

75
Q

Young, healthy person collapses and dies upon exertion

A

Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

76
Q

Strawberry milkshake coloured blood

A

Hyperlipidaemia

77
Q

drug causing - slate grey rash

A

Amiodarone

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