GI Flashcards
Gingival hypertrophy
Side effect of CCBs or phenytoin
Bird beak appearance and distended oesophagus
Achalasia
if in lower GI imaging - sign of bowel obstruction
Grey Turner’s sign (lumbar redness)
acute pancreatitis
Cullen’s sign (umbilical redness)
acute pancreatitis
Murphy’s sign
cholecystitis
Pale stools, jaundice, abdo pain
biliary obstruction
Adbo distension, caput medusae, shifting dullness
Portal hypertension + ascites
Pyoderma gangrenosum, erythema nodosum
Crohn’s/UC
“Tinkling bowel sounds”
bowel obstruction
Vesicular rash + weight loss
Coeliac disease
Virchow’s node (left supra-clavicular)
gastric cancer
Urea breath test
H pylori
14C breath test
bacterial overgrowth
“Rice-water”-like stools
vibrio cholera
Presence of AMA
PBC
anti mitochondrial antibodies
Presence of ASMA
Autoimmune hepatitis
anti smooth muscle antibodies
Raised AFP
hepatocellular carcinoma (or teratoma)
‘Cobblestone mucosa’
Crohn’s Disease
deep fissuring ulceration of mucosa
Diuretic for ascites (due to cirrhosis)
Spironolactone
Corkscrew oesophagus on barium swallow
Diffuse oesophageal spasm
Severe abdo pain + D&V after raw milk
Campylobacter
Russell’s sign
self-induced vomiting
Mallory’s hyaline bodies
alcoholic liver disease (acute hepatitis) and chronic active hepatitis
Crypt abscess/cryptitis
Inflammatory Bowel CROHN’S
Onion skinning fibrosis, beading of bile ducts
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
“Signet Ring” cells seen on biopsy
Linitis plastica - diffuse stomach cancer
Thumb-printing on x-ray, commonly at splenic flexure
Ischaemic colitis
Charcot’s triad
Acute cholangitis
i.e. fever, jaundice and abdominal pain secondary to cholelithiasis
Causes of abdominal mass
A CHEMICAL:
AAA, Crohn’s, hernia, enlarged organ, malignancy, interssusception, cyst or abscess, appendicitis, lymphadenopathy
Causes of bowel obstruction
BATH VIPS:
bolus, adhesions, tumour, hernia, volvulus, intersussception, pseudo-obstruction, stricture.
Stomatitis gangrenosum
Crohn’s
In oesophagus, stratified squamous epithelium»_space; simple columnar epithelium
Barrett’s oesophagus
Duke’s classification
Bowel cancer
Causes of abdominal distension
Fat Foetus Flatus Faeces Fluid Fucking massive tumour
Causes of pancreatitis
GET SMASHED
gallstones, ethanol, trauma, steroids, mumps, autoimmune, scorpion stings, hyperlipidaemia/hypercalcaemia, ERCP, drugs
Causes of liver disease
A - Autoimmune B - Hepatitis B C - Hepatitis C D - Drugs e.g. paracetamol E - Ethanol F - Fatty Liver Disease (NASH ~ obesity) G - Growth (cancer/metastases) H - Haemodynamic e.g. congestive heart failure I - Infiltration [iron] (e.g. haemochromatosis, Wilson’s Disease) or I - Infective
Colicky loin pain radiating to groin
Ureteric colic
Jaundice and constant upper right quadrant pain
Biliary colic
Severe epigastric pain radiating to back, associated with vomiting
Acute pancreatitis
Periumbilical pain radiating to right iliac fossa
Acute appendicitis
Central abdominal pain, expansile pulsatile mass
AAA
Iliac fossa pain, positive pregnancy test
Ectopic pregnancy
Asterixis (liver flap)
Encephalopathy
Leuconychia
Hypoalbuminaemia
Koilonychia
IDA
Buccal pigmentation
PJ syndrome
Glossitis
B12 deficiency
Aphthous ulceration
Crohn’s
Coeliac disease
Craggy hepatomegaly
Liver malignancy
Bronze pigmentation of skin
Haemachromatosis
Middle-aged man, pruritis, jaundice, abdo. pain, AMA negative, high ALP
PSC
Drug given for gastroparesis following an MI
metoclopramide
Coffee bean sign on AXR
Sigmoid volvulus
loop of distended bowel
Degenerative loss of ganglia from Auerbach’s plexus
Achalasia
Congenital loss of ganglia from Auerbach’s plexus
Hirschsprung’s disease
Patient with anxiety, feeling of lump in throat
Globus hystericus
Faecolith obstruction
Most common cause of acute appendicitis
RUQ pain, jaundice and fever
Charcot’s triad of ascending cholangitis
