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Question 1

Where do foreign bodies frequent lay become lodged and why?

Answer 1

Through the right bronchus

Because it is wider and shorter + more vertical than the left so passes through

Question 2

If a foreign body gets stuck in the larynx what happens and what can you do?

Answer 2

Cause severe airway obstruction
Lean person forward give 5 back blows
Heimlich manoeuvre

Question 3

If someone has lung cancer involving the apex of right lung what other signs and symptoms may be seen?

Answer 3

Spread of cancer involves lower part of brachial plexus T1: sensory loss in anterior forearm medial aspect of arm, wasting of hand muscles (ulnar nerve)
Can also cause Horner’s syndrome due to compression of sympathetic ganglion

Question 4

Why can lung cancer, aortic aneurysms or enlarged hilar lymph nodes cause hoarseness or loss of voice?

Answer 4

Compression of the recurrent laryngeal nerve leads to a hoarse voice due to the paralysis of the left vocal cord

Question 5

Why can lung cancer, aortic aneurysms or enlarged hilar lymph nodes cause breathlessness?

Answer 5

Damage to phrenic nerve causes paralysis of the the hemi diaphragm leading to breathlessness