Reproduction Flashcards
What are most common type of vulva tumours?
Squamous cell carcinoma
What the most common cause of vulva carcinoma?
Human papilloma virus
What is the pattern of metastasis of vulva cancers?
Local
Normally to inguinal lymph node
Where do most cervical cancers occur?
The transformation zone between the two types of epithelium (glandular epithelium inner cervix, squamous epithelium outer cervix)
Most common cervical cancer is…
Squamous cell carcinoma
How does HPV cause cervical cancer?
Causes infection in metaplastic squamous cells in transformation zone
Causes increased proliferation
What is the aim of cervical screening?
To detect pre-invasive lesion and to excise the involved area completely
Where does cervical cancer normally metastasise to?
Iliac and aortic lymph nodes
Female reproductive tract tumours normally spread locally to…
Ureter
Bladder
Rectum
What type of tumour forms in the endometrium?
Endometrial adenocarcinoma
What are the two types if endometrial adenicarcinomas?
Endometroid
Serous
What is the common aetiology for endometrial cancer in peri-menopausal women?
Unopposed oestrogen from: Obesity Exogenous oestrogen administration Hormone secreting tumour Which causes hyperplasia
What is the prognosis of serous endometrial adenocarcinoma?
Very aggressive worse prognosis than enometrioid adenocarcinoma
What are fibroids?
Benign tumours if the uterine smooth muscle
Presentation of fibroids
Heavy menstrual loss
Menorrhagia
Infertility
