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Paediatrics > Resp > Flashcards

Resp Flashcards

1
Q

Pharyngitis causes

A

adenovirus
enterovirus
rhinovirus
GABHS (older)

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2
Q

Tonsilitis causes

A

GABHS

EBV

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3
Q

Tonsilitis GABHS can result in..

A

scarlet fever

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4
Q

Tonsilitis EBH can result in….

A

infectious mononucleosis

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5
Q

Scarlet fever characteristics

A

GABHS (+ve chains)
sandpaper like rash
strawberry tongue
flushed cheeks with perioral sparing

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6
Q

Infectious mononucleosis characteristics

A 
EBV 
monospot test 
membranous exudate 
splenomegaly 
maculopapular exanthema
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7
Q

Tonsilitis abx and when

A

CENTOR 3+

Phenoxymethylpenicilin 10d/ erythromycin

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8
Q

Sinusitis is uncommon in which sinus in children and why

A

frontal

not developed until late childhood

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9
Q

Acute otitis media TM appearance

A

bright red
bulging
loss of normal light reflection

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10
Q

Acute otitis media cause

A 
RSV 
rhinovirus 
pneumococcus 
H. influenza 
Maraxella
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11
Q

Acute otitis media Rx

A

analgesia

delayed abx prescription (amoxicillin)

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12
Q

Recurrent ottis media results in:

A

Effusion

Glue ear

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13
Q

Glue ear management

A

self limiting
grommets (ventilation tubes)
adeneidectomy

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14
Q

Stridor causes

A

Croup
acute epiglottis
foreign body

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15
Q

Croup characteristics

A

laryngotracheal infection
6m- 6hrs
barking cough
stridor

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16
Q

Croup cause

A

parainfluenza virus

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17
Q

Croup Rx

A

oral dexamethasone/prednisolone / neb bedenoside
if severe
neb adrenaline

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18
Q

Acute epiglottis cause

A

HiB

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19
Q

Acute epiglottis characteristics

A 
drooling 
stirifor 
dysphagia 
toxic-looking 
minimal cough
20
Q

Acute epiglottis Rx

A

ENT, anaesthetic, pads input
incubation in controlled environment
Blood cultures + Abx
Rifampicin prophylaxis

21
Q

Wheeze causes

A 
bronchiolitis 
asthma 
viral wheeze 
atypical pneumonia 
foreign body 
anaphylaxis
22
Q

? Asthma investigations

A 
skin prick testing for common atophy 
CXR- r/o other causes 
PEFR 
Spirometry 
- 12%+ response to bronchodilators
23
Q

Asthma in children management

A

SABA / +ICS / +LRTA
switch to LABA if no improvement
MART

24
Q

Acute asthma: life threatening characteristics

A 
Cyanosis (central)
Hypotension, arrhythmia 
Exhaustion
Silent chest 
Tachy- cardia & -pnoea

PERF <33%
altered consciousness

25
Q

Acute asthma management

A 
SABA x 10 / 
nebuliser salbutamol (2.5mg <8yrs) 
oral prednisone 1-2mg/kg (max 40mg) 
-> IV hydrocortisone if severe
\+/- ipratropium, IV B2 agonist/aminophyline/mg
26
Q

Bronchiolitis cause

A

RSV

27
Q

Bronchiolitis characteristics

A

wheeze
chesty sounding -> end-ins creps
apnoea (complication)
displaced liver

28
Q

Bronchiolitis management

A

o2 if required
fluids NG/IV if required
ventilation NIV w/ CPAP
infection measures

29
Q

Bronchiolitis complication

A 
apnoea 
bronchiolitis obliterates (permanent damange, submucosal fibrosis)
30
Q

Respiratory distress in newborn

A 
transient tachypnoea in newborn (c-section)
meconium aspiration 
pneumonia 
pneumothorax
milk aspiration 
persistent pulmonary hon of the newborn 
diaphragmatic hernia
31
Q

Pneumonia cause infants

A

RSV
S.pneumonia
H.influenza

32
Q

Pneumonia cause in newborn

A

group B strep

gram -ve enterococci and bacilli

33
Q

Pneumonia cause in 5ys +

A

mycoplasma pneumonia
strep. pneumonia
chlamydia pneumonia

34
Q

Pneumonia abx no recessions

A

mild LRTI

PO amoxicillin +/- erythromycin

35
Q

Pneumonia abx recessions +/- cyanosis

A

Moderate/severe LRTI
IV cefuroxime +/-
PO clarithromycin

36
Q

Common pneumonia complication in children

A

parapneumonic effusion (1/3)

37
Q

Whooping cough cause

A

Pertussis (Bordatella pertussis)

38
Q

Whooping cough characteristics

A

catarrhal phase
paroxysmal phase- inspiratory whoop, worse at night, may cause vomiting +/- epistaxis/ subconjunctival haemorrhages- up to 3m
convalescent phase

39
Q

Whooping cough Rx

A

macrolide- erythromycin
macrolide prophylaxis for close contacts
immunisations

40
Q

Whooping cough Ix

A 
culture paranasal swab or PCR 
marked lymphocytosis (>15) on FBC
41
Q

CF: infancy features

A 
failure to thrive 
meconium ileus 
neonatal jaundice
recurrent chest infections 
malabsorption
42
Q

CF: childhood features

A 
nasal polyps 
bronchiectasis 
rectal prolapse 
allergic bronchopulmonary aspergiliosis 
pneumothorax 
recurrent haemoptysis
43
Q

CF: adolescence features

A 
psychological problems 
aspergilliosis 
pneumothrorax 
cirrhosis 
portal HTN 
distal intestitial obstruction 
male sterility
44
Q

CF: mutation

A

1 in 25 Caucasians are carriers
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (cAMP-reg Na/CL channel)
delta F508- most common

45
Q

CF screening

A 
newborns- heel prick 
immunoreactive trypsinogen (IRT) 
-> common mutations 
-> sweat test w/ pilocarpine 
chloride >60
46
Q

CF spirometry pattern

A

obstructive
reduced FVC
increased lung volumes

Paediatrics (9 decks)

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