Emergency Flashcards
weight estimation
2 x (yrs +4)
Adrenaline dose children
<6yrs 0.15ml
6-12yrs 0.3ml
>12yrs 0.5ml
of adrenaline 1:1000
Hydrocortisone dose children
<6m - 25mg
6m-6yrs- 50mg
6-12yrs- 100mg
>12yrs - 200mg
Chlorphenamine dose children
<6m 2.5ug/kh
6m-6yrs 2.5mg
6-12yrs 5mg
>12 yrs 10mg
Anaphylaxis treatment
Adrenaline 1:1000 IV fluid 20ml/kg bolus chrolphenamine hydrocortisone \+/- salbutamol monitor sats, ECG, BP
Anaphylaxis after care
admission
mast cell tryptase during and 1-2 hours after
Status epilepticus: seizure duration
> 30 mins continuous or intermittent without full recovery of consciousness
Status epilepticus management
lorazepam IV/ buccal midazolam/ rectal diazepam x2
phenytoin
phenobarbitone
RSI
Energy estimation: child
4 joules/kg
Lorazepam dose children
0.1mg/kg
Glucose dose children
5ml/kg of 10% dextrose
Salicylates OD consequences
- Resp. alkalosis (Resp stimulation and urinary loss of NaCL)
- Metabolic acidosis- urinary exchange of H for K, accumulation of acids + dehydration -> paradoxical acuduria
Salicylates OD management
ABC, activated charcoal
sodium bicarbonate -> urina alkalization
haemodialysis
Lead poisioning symptoms
hyper irritability, apathy clolicky abdo pain, vomiting, constipation anaemia behavioural problems seizures ataxia
Iron OD causes
D&V, haematemasis, malena, gastric ulceration
then period of improvement
then drowsiness, coma, shock, liver failure w/ hypoglycaemia and convulsions
metabolic acidosis (radicals)
Iron OD management
IV desferoxamine
chelates iron
Organophosphorus pesticides OD MOA
inhibits acetylcholinesterase
-> ACh accumulation
Organophosphorus pesticides OD effects
Cholinergic effect: salivation, lacrimation, urination, D&V, muscle weakness, cramps, paralysis,
Bradycardia
Hypotension
CNS: seizures, coma
Organophosphorus pesticides OD Rx
atropine
pralidoxime
Meningitis causes: neonates
Group B strep
Listeria monocytogens
E. coli
Meningitis causes: infants and young children
Nisteria Meningitidis
Strep. pneumoniae
HiB
Meningitis causes: >12 yrs
N. Meningitidis
Strep. pneumonia
Suspected meningitidis management
Benzylpenicilin
Meningococal septicaemia management
cefotaxime/ cetriaxone
dexamethasone
+/- mannitol
CT head indications children
NAI suspected post-traumatic seizure GCS <14 initially or <15 at 2hrs ?skull fracture focal near signs <1yr with a bruise/ swelling >5cm on the head
Superficial burn management
simple exposure
Partial thickness (into dermis, painful) management
clean + dressing
Partial thinckess (through dermis) and full thickness management
debridement and skin grafting
specialist burns centre
Specialist burns centre indications
> 5% SA affected
Deep partial thickness and full thickness burns
