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Paediatrics > Cardio > Flashcards

Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

Breathless shunts

A

Left to right
VSD *
PDA
ASD

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2
Q

Cyanotic shunts

A

Right to left
Tetralofy of Fallot *
Transposition

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3
Q

Shunts in utero

A 
ductus venosus (placenta -> IVC)
-> ligamentum venosum
Foramen vale (RA-> LA) 
-> fossa ovale
Ductus arteriosus (RV -> aorta)
-> ligamentum arteriosum
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4
Q

Rubella- cardiac abnormalities

A

pulmonary stenosis

PDA

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5
Q

SLE-cardiac abnormalities

A

Complete heart block

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6
Q

SLE antibodies

A

anti-RO

anti- La

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7
Q

DM- cardiac abnormalities

A

increased incidence overall

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8
Q

Warfarin cardiac abnormalities

A

pulmonary valve stenosis

PDA

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9
Q

Fetal alcohol syndrome cardiac abnormalities

A

ASD, VSD

tetralogy of Fallot

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10
Q

Down syndrome cardiac abnormalities

A

AVSD
VSD
PDA

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11
Q

Edward syndrome- chromosomal abnormality

A

trisomy 18

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12
Q

Patau syndrome- chromosomal abnormality

A

trisomy 13

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13
Q

Turner syndrome cardiac abnormalities

A

aortic valve stenosis

CoA

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14
Q

Turner syndrome chromosomal abnormality

A

45, XO

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15
Q

Williams syndrome cardiac abnormalities

A

supravalvular aortic stenosis

peripheral artery stenosis

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16
Q

Noonans syndrome

A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
ASD
pulmonary valve stenosis

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17
Q

Innocent murmur characteristics

A

aSymptomatic
Soft blowing murmur
Systolic
left Sternal edge

18
Q

Hear failure in neonates features

A 
breathless (tachypnoea)
tachycardia 
gallop rhythm
cardio- & hepatomegaly  
sweating 
poor feeding 
recurrent chest infections
19
Q

Heart failure neonates causes

A

obstructed circulation (duct dependant)

  • CoA
  • interruption of ascending aorta
  • critical aortic stenosis
  • hypoplastic LH syndrome
20
Q

Heart failure in infancy

A

high pulmonary blood flow

  • VSD
  • AVSD
  • Large PDA
21
Q

Heart failure in older children

A

Eisenmenger syndrome
Rheumatic heart disease
Cardiomyopathy

22
Q

ASD types

A

secundum- persistent foramen ovale (higher)

primum ASD- partial ass with abnormal AV valves (AVSD)

23
Q

ASD signs

A

ESM
fixed widely split 2nd heart sound
ECG: RBBB common, RAD

24
Q

AVSD signs

A

AVSD -> apical pan systolic murmur (regurgitation)

ECG: superior axis (-ve in aVF)

25
Q

ASD Rx

A

significant if RV dilatation
occlusion device
3-5 yers

26
Q

VSD signs

A

active pericardium
soft pansystolic murmur (no murmur = large)
apical mid-diastolic murmur
ECG: biventricular hypertrophy

27
Q

VSD Rx

A

diuretics
captopril
inc. calories
surgery 3-6 m

28
Q

PDA define

A

failure of Ductus Arteriosus closure by 1 month after the expected delivery due date

29
Q

PDA causes

A

congenital

prematurity

30
Q

PDA signs

A 
continuous machinery murmur (Gibson's) 
increased pulse pressure 
collapsing or bounding pulse 
asymptomatic 
large: heart failure, pulmonary HTN
31
Q

PDA Rx

A

ibuprofen (NSAID)
dexamethasone
coil/occlusion device (cardiac catheter)
at 1yr

32
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot: characteristics (4)

A
  1. VSD
  2. Overriding aorta
  3. RH hypertrophy
  4. Subpulmonary stenosis
33
Q

Tetralogy symptoms

A

Tet spells- hyper cyanosis

squatting (inc. vascular resistance)

34
Q

Tetralogy signs

A

clubbing
harsh ESM
CXR: boot shaped w/ pulmonary artery bay
ECG: RV hypertrophy later

35
Q

Tetralogy CXR

A

boot shaped w/ pulmonary artery bay

36
Q

Tetralogy ECG

A

RV hypertrophy later

37
Q

Tetralogy Rx

A

medical initially
surgery at 6m
Tet spells if followed by sleep >15 mins
- morphine
- IV propanolol/ alpha agonist (vasoconstriction)
- IV fluids
-bicarbonate (for acidosis)

38
Q

Transposition of the great vessels signs

A

cyanosis day 2 of life
loud, single S2
CXR: egg on side w/ narrow upper mediastinum & RV hypertrophy

39
Q

Transposition Rx

A 
prostaglandin infusion (maintains PDA patency) 
balloon arterial septostomy 
definitive treatment- arterial switch procedure (neonatal period)
40
Q

AVSD Rx

A

medical management of heart failure

surgical repair 3-6 m

Paediatrics (9 decks)

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