Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

CanQB > Resp > Flashcards

Resp Flashcards

1
Q

PE in pneumothorax

A

No tactile fremitus
Hypertesonance percussion
Decreased breath sound on affected side
Tracheal deviation away from side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Dx of pneumothorax

A

CXR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Most effective Rx in sleep apnea?

A

CPAP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Population of hyperventilation syndrome

A

Young women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Sx of hyperventilation

A 
Tachypnea 
Hyperpnoea (deep breath)
Atypical chest pain 
Tachycardia 
\+/- carpopedal spasm

Gas:
Resp alkalosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Bronchitis vs bronchiactesis sputum

A

Bronchitis > mucoid sputum

Bronchiactsis > purulent malodorous sputum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Rx of pneumothorax <20%

A

Outpatient observation
CXR in 24-48 hr

Or
Oxygen + observe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Tests done for sarcoidosis patients

A 
Slit lamp
Pulmonary function test 
Serum Ca
ECG
ACE level
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Sleep apnea associations

A

HTN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Differentiate bronchitis from emphysema by PFT?

A

Single diffusion capacity DLCO.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Most effective measure in COPD?

A

Smoking cessation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What Rx measure improves mortality / survival in COPD

A

Supplemental O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

If asthma isn’t controlled with inhaled SABA?

A

Add low dose ICS > increasing dose of SABA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Good pasture’s classic?

A

Acute glomerulonephritis
Pulmonary hemorrhage
Following URTI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cause of glumeruonephritis in goodpasture

A

Anti-GBM antibodies > complement activation > tissue damage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

CXR in asbestosis

A

Lower > upper lobe
Fibrosis w/ linear streaking (early)
Cyst & honeycombing (late)
IMP > plural & diaphragmatic calcification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cancer with asbestosis

A

Bronchogenic Ca

Mesothelioma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When does SABA work?

A

Work in 5 minutes for 4-6 HR.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Inhaled CS before SABA improves delivery?

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which is better in asthma oral Beta agonists or inhaled SABA

A

Inhaled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Exercise induced bronchoconstriction classic

A

10% decrease in FEV1 with exercise.
High-ventilation sports > track, skiing
Winter sports

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Dx exercise induced bronchocostriction.

A

Trial with albutrol inhaler.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Best way to Dx COPD?

A

Spirometer FEV1/FVC < 70% - 80%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Is clubbing a sign of COPD?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Guidelines for pulmonary nodule.

A 
Suspicious: 
1. Size < 8 mm 
2. Ground glass appearance 
3. Irregular borders 
4. Double size in 1 mo - 1 yr
5. Hx of Ca
6. Smoker 
=> biopsy.

Non suspicious:
Repeat CT in 6-8 mo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Rx of tension pneumothorax

A

Needle at 2nd intercostal space > chest tube > CXR.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Contraindications to thrombolytics?

A 
Eye / CNS surgery in 2 wk
Brain tumor 
Brain vascular disease 
Stroke < 2 mo 
Active bleeding 
Hypotension
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

When does rapidly progressive silicosis develop?

A

6 months of exposure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Benefit of BiPAP in acute COPD

A

Improves ventilation
Delay intubation
Improves mortality / morbidity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Rx of acute chronic bronchitis.

A

SABA
Anti cholinergic
Steroids (oral / IV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Resp side effect of nitrofurantoin?

A

If used > 6 mo

Restrictive pulmonary fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Risk of tension pneumothorax

A

Patient on +ve mechanical ventilation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Step after pulmonary function test?

A

Full pulmonary test for static lung volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

COPD ventilation setting

A 
Volume assist 
Rate: 10-12
TV: 8mL/kg
PEEP 0-5 cm H2O
Hgb sat: 92%
Peak flow 75-90 L/min
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Gold standard Dx in PE?

A

CT Angio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis cause

A

Inhaled organic dust

E.g mold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis classic

A

4-8 hrs after exposure > chill, cough, SOB worsen with time

Symptoms resolve then recur suddenly with repeated exposure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

CXR and labs in hypersensitivity pneumonitis

A

CXR = normal
PFT = restrictive
High ESR
High IgG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis classic

A

Gradual Sx
Dry cough
Clubbing
Fine bilateral crackles (Velcro crackles)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Causes of transudate pulmonary effusion

A

CHF
Cirrhosis
Low albumin
Nephrotic syndrome has

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Causes of exudative plural effusion.

A 
Pneumonia 
Malignancy 
PE
Viral infection 
TB
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What’s central sleep apnea

A

Cessation of airflow 10 seconds without resp effort result in unstable resp control center

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What worsens central sleep apnea

A
  1. Low CO2: high altitude, cheyne-stroke

2. Slow circulation: CHF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Role of sedatives in central sleep apnea

A

Helpful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Indication of sever apnea?

A

Apnea-hypopnea index > 29

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

1st line Rx in sever sleep apnea?

A

CPAP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Acute resp alkalosis acid-base labs

A

PH > 7.45
O2 normal
CO2 < 40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Anaerobic lung abscess classic

A

Risk of aspiration
Productive cough + fever
Poor dental hygiene
Bad mouth odor + sputum odor.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

CBC changes in COPD? Why?

A

Increased RBC mass + erythropoietin

=> low O2 stimulates bone marrow => secondary polycythemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What’s pulsus paradoxus? What does it indicate?

A

10 mmHg decrease in SBP on inspiration

Asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

How to assess severity of asthma attack?

A
  1. Mild:
    O2 > 94%
    PEF 70% expected
  2. Moderate:
    O2 < 90
    PEF < 40% expected
    Pulsus pardoxus
  3. Sever:
    PEF < 25% expected
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Rx of acute asthma attack?

A

Inhaled SABA
Prednisolone (oral / IV)

O2 supplement given if O2 < 90%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Def of sleep apnea

A

> 5 obstructive events / hr

Daytime sleepiness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Sleep apnea association

A

Obesity
Older age
MEN
HTN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Overflow fecal incontinence classic

A

Common in institutionalized elderly due to constipation meds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Cause of reduced storage fecal incontinence

A

IBD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Hereditary theombophilia

A 
Factor V Leiden
Prothrombin 20210A
Protein C
Protein S
Antithrombin deficiency
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Most common hereditary thrombophilia

A

Factor V Leiden

59
Q

Rx of PE

A

Heparin 3-7 days
Warfarin 6 months
INR 2-3

60
Q

When to use tPA in PE

A

Patient with low BP

61
Q

Role of anti-thrombin in PE?

A

Prophylaxis pre or post op

62
Q

What does flat inspiratory loop indicate

A

Extra-thoracic pulmonary obstruction

63
Q

What to r/o in asthma not responsive to Rx?

A

Vocal cord dysfunction

64
Q

Vocal cord dysfunction classic

A

Episodic tightness of throat
SOB
Choking sensation
Cough

65
Q

Dx vocal cord dysfunction

A

Fiber optic laryngoscope

=> paradoxical inspiratory movement +/- expiratory partial closure of cords.

66
Q

Rx of vocal cord dysfunction

A

Speech therapy

Breathing techniques

67
Q

Cause of vocal cord dysfunction

A 
Occupational exposure (glutaraldehyde + chloride in swimmers) 
Psychological stress
68
Q

Rx of sarcoidosis limited to hilar lymphadenopathy

A

Observation

69
Q

Role of Na cromolyn in asthma attack

A

No role

Used in prophylaxis.

70
Q

Blood gases in PE

A

High A-a gradient
PH > 7.45
CO2 < 40
O2 low

Resp alkalosis

71
Q

Sarcoidosis Rx

A

Observation
Prednisolone (1st)
MTX (2nd)

72
Q

Garland’s triad

A

Sarcoidosis

  1. Bilateral hilar LN
  2. rt paratracheal LN
73
Q

Stages of sarcoidosis

A

0: normal CXR
1: lymphadenopathy
2: LN + lung disease
3: lung disease only
4: fibrosis.

74
Q

Cause of silicosis

A

Crystalline-free silica inhalation form cement.

75
Q

Causes of resp alkalosis

A

Fever
Low O2
Salicylate
Tachypnea

76
Q

Spirometer in asthma

A

Reduced FEV1

Reduced FEV1/FVC

77
Q

Restrictive pattern on spirometer

A

Low FVC
Low FEV1 < 70%
Normal or high FEV1/FVC

78
Q

Drugs cause pulmonary fibrosis

A

Amiodrone
Amphotericin B
Acebutolol
Carbamazepine

79
Q

Investigations of dysphagia

A

Barium swallow

Manometer and

80
Q

Which is more effective in acute COPD:

Albuterol or levalbuterol?

81
Q

Which is better during acute COPD oral or IV steroids

82
Q

MCC of chronic cough (order)

A
  1. Upper airway cough = Postnasal drip
  2. Asthma
  3. GERD
83
Q

Rx steps in acute asthma

A
  1. SABA
  2. Systemic steroids
  3. Ipratropium
  4. Admit if no response in 4-6 hrs.
84
Q

Dx bronchiectesis

85
Q

CXR in bronchiectasis

A

PeriBronchial thickening (tram track)

Increased vascular markings

86
Q

Period of cough in acute bronchitis

A

20 days (> 2wk)

87
Q

MCC of acute bronchitis

A

Viral infection

88
Q

Purulent sputum in acute bronchitis indicates?

A

Airway desquamation

89
Q

MCC of 2ry spontaneous pneumothorax

90
Q

Pleuropulomnary nocardiosis classic

A

In immunocompromised
Sx: night sweat, fever, cough.
CXR: multiple infiltrates.

No response to pneumonia Rx

91
Q

Dx nocardia?

A

Modified AFB => fire-faraco stain.

Weakly positive on AFB

92
Q

Rx of nocardia

A

Sulfonamides => sulfasalazine or TMP/SMX

93
Q

Pneumocystis vs nocardia?

A

Both give same finding
Stain:
Pneumocystis doesn’t stain AFB, stains silver.

Nocardia is weakly positive in AFB + stains w/ fite-faraco

94
Q

Rx of coccidioides immits

A

Ketoconazole

95
Q

1st step in tension pneumothorax

A

Needle Thoracentesis

Then chest tube.

96
Q

Red flags in hiccups

A

> 2 days

Waking patient from sleep

97
Q

Military TB on CXR

A

Diffuse small nodules

98
Q

ECG finding in PE

99
Q

McGinn-White sign

A

S1Q3T3 on ECG

Indicates Rt heart strain

100
Q

High mountain sickness classic

A 
8-96 HR of arrival
Headache 
Poor sleep
N/V
Anorexia
101
Q

Rx acute mountain sickness

A

Prevention = slow ascent, high carb diet or acetazolamide.

1- Slow descent
Oxygen
Hydration

2- Hyperbaric chamber

3- Acetazolamide
Dexamethasone

102
Q

What’s acetazolamide

A

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

Cuz metabolic acidosis via loss of HCO3

103
Q

Rx of acute COPD

A 
ABC
O2
Bronchodilator neb
Systemic steroids (IV soulmedrol)
Abx: doxy, TMP/SMZ, amoxi/clavu
104
Q

Causes of increased A-a

A

Alveolar collapse (atelectasis)

Pneumonia
PE

Intracardiac shunt
Vascular shunt

Asthma
COPD
ILD

Pulmonary vascular Dz

105
Q

Spirometer in vocal cord dysfunction

A

Flat inspiratory flow volume loop

Normal exploratory

106
Q

Exposure to asbestosis

A

Ship yards

107
Q

Asbestosis Classic

A

Dyspnea
Dry cough
Basal velcro crackles

108
Q

PFT in asbestosis

A

Restrictive

109
Q

CXR of adenocarcinoma

A

Peripheral lung nodules

110
Q

Mesothelioma on CXR

A

Obliteration of diaphragm

Modular thickening of pleura

Sheet like encasement of pleura.

111
Q

Drugs contraindicated w/ mountain sickness

A

Diuretics

BB

112
Q

Major issue w/ CPAP in sleep apnea

A

Compliance

113
Q

Spirometer value affected by age?

A

FEV1/FVC
Increased Functional residual capacity

Low vital capacity

Normal total lung capacity

114
Q

T/F: spirometer doesn’t measure airway dimensions

115
Q

What’s antifreeze

A

Ethylene glycol

116
Q

Ethylene glycol ingestion causes what?

A

Metabolic acidosis.

117
Q

Corticosteroids for COPD

A

No effect on mortality

Reduce exacerbation

No risk of cataract or fracture

Risk of candida

118
Q

Feature of malignant pulmonary nodule

A 
> 10mm
Irregular borders 
Ground glass 
No calcification or eccentric calcification 
Double in 1 mo - 1 year
119
Q

ARDS Rx

A

Oxygen (mask or ventilator)

120
Q

Lights criteria (transudate vs exudate)

A

Fluid/serum ratio of protein + LDH

LDH fluid/serum > 0.6
Protein fluid/serum > 0.5

=> exudate

121
Q

MCC of hemoptysis

122
Q

ILD vs bronchiactsis if clubbing present?

A 
ILD = fine crackles 
Bronchiactsis = coarse
123
Q

Lung abscess CXR

A

Cavity w/ necrotic debris

124
Q

MCC of aspiration lung abscess

A

Post op from aspiration

125
Q

Rx of lung abscess

A

Clindamycin

126
Q

Pleuritic rub in PE indicates?

A

Pleural infarction

127
Q

Pleural effusion classic

A

Decreased breath sounds
Decreased fremitus
Dull percussion
Tracheal deviation to opposite site.

128
Q

Bronchiotis obliterans seen w/?

A

Lung + BM transplant

129
Q

Bronchiolitis obliterans CXR

A

Hyperlucency

130
Q

V/Q scan in bronchiactsis obliterans

A

Moth-eaten

131
Q

PFT in bronchiolitis obliterans

A

Low FEV1

Normal DLCO

132
Q

Stages of CO toxicity

A

HbCO < 20%
Headache, dizziness, blurry vision.

HbCO 20-40%
Confusion, syncope, chest pain, rhabdomyolysis

HbCO 41-60%
Arrhythmia, low BP, MI, seizure

HbCO >60%
Death

133
Q

CO toxicity Rx

A

Stop exposure
Oxygen (non-rebreather)
CarboxyHgb level.

134
Q

Decide level of CO toxicity

A

Carboxy-Hgb level

135
Q

When to use hyperbaric oxygen in CO toxicity

A

Moderate to sever control

Carboxy-Hgb > 20%

136
Q

Drug contraindicated in asthma? Why

A

Non selective BB

Cause constriction

137
Q

Palliative Rx for patients on death rattle?

A

Anti cholinergic to decrease secretions

E.g. Glycopyrrolate

138
Q

Rx pulmonary edema

A
  1. Preload reducers:
    Diuretics = furosemide
  2. Morphine:
    Rx cardiac pulmonary edema
    To decrease catecholamines + SVR.
  3. After load reducers:
    Nitroprusside (pre + after load)
    Enalapril (after load, SV, CO)
139
Q

Theophylline toxicity classic

A 
When > 20 mcg/ml 
High HR 
N/V + diarrhea 
Irritability, restlessness 
Agitated maniac behavior 
Thirst 
Muscle twitch
140
Q

Use of peak flow in asthma

A

Monitor not Dx

141
Q

Rx of cardiac pulmonary edema

A

ABC
1. Preload reduction
Nitroglycerin (most effective)

  1. After load
    ACEI
  2. +/- inotropic support
142
Q

Rx of status asthmaticus

A

SABA
Hydration
IV steroids
+/- intubation

143
Q

Which is better in acute asthma meter dose inhaler or nebulizer? Why?

A

Inhalers

  1. Greater improvement in peak flow rate
  2. Better blood gases
  3. Lower cost, hospital stay.
  4. Lower relapse.
  5. No difference in hospital admission rate.

CanQB (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions