Resp

Question 1

What are you looking for in the hands?

Answer 1

Tar staining, clubbing, peripheral cyanosis, nail bed fluctuation (first sign of clubbing), flap of co2 retention

Question 2

What are you looking for in the face?

Answer 2

Pale conjunctiva

Question 3

How do you ensure symmetry or asymmetry?

Answer 3

Check side to side instead of up and down. Compare like with like

Question 4

Percussion of the chest - Where can each lobe of the lungs be percussed?

Answer 4

Anterior chest wall - Upper lobe
Posterior chest wall - Lower lobe
Right lateral wall - middle lobe
Left lateral wall - lingula

Question 5

How would you complete the resp exam?

Answer 5

Temperature, peak flow reading, examine sputum, CVS exam

Question 6

Why should a patient whisper and say 99? What does it mean if you can hear a patient whisper 99?

Answer 6

Should not be able to hear whisper, but if you can its indicative of whispered pectoriloquy. Sounds can be heard better through liquids and solids, indicative of lung consolidation

Question 7

What is a bounding pulse and why does it occur?

Answer 7

Strong pulse. Cause by increase in CO2 leading to decrease in pH and vasodilation.

Question 8

Normal Resp range?

Answer 8

12-20 bpm

Question 9

What are some possible causes of tachypnoea?

Answer 9

Fever, asthma, COPD, interstitial lung disease, pulmonary oedema

Question 10

What are some possible causes of bradypnoae?

Answer 10

resp depression, raised ICP, hypothyroidism

Question 11

Define hyper and hypoventilation

Answer 11

Ventilating more than or less than needed to get normal blood gases

Different to brady and tachypnoea

Question 12

What is a bounding pulse indicative of?

Answer 12

CO2 retention

Question 13

What does lymph node tenderness mean?

Answer 13

infection

Question 14

What does a fixed lymph node mean?

Answer 14

Carcinoma

Question 15

What is a depression of the chest wall known as?

Answer 15

Pectus excavatum

Question 16

What is an outward bowing of the sternum known as?

Answer 16

Pectus carnitum

Question 17

What is hyper resonance indicative of?

Answer 17

Pneumothorax, hyperinflation

Question 18

What is dullness indicative of?

Answer 18

Consolidation, collapse, effusion

Question 19

What is a pleural rub indicative of?

Answer 19

Pleurisy caused by pneumonia

Question 20

Define stertor and stridor

Answer 20

Stertor - partial obstruction of airway above larynx. Low pitched, snoring.
Stridor - partial obstruction of airway at or below larynx. High pitched

Question 21

Give 3 community acquired and hospital acquired pneumonia bacteria

Answer 21

community - Strep pneumoniae, kleb pneumonia, H influenzae

Hospital - MRSA, pseudomonas aeruginosa, staph aureus

Question 22

how would you treat community acquired and hospital acquired pneumonia?

Answer 22

Community - penicillin

hospital - co-amoxiclav

Question 23

Give 3 causes of transudative pleural effusion

Answer 23

Increased hydrostatic pressure, e.g. cardiac failrue
Decreased oncotic e.g. nephrotic syndrome
Increased cap permeability e.g. sepsis

Question 24

Give 3 causes of exudative pleural effusion

Answer 24

Cancer
Infection e.g. TB
Immune disease e.g. connective tissue disease
Abdo disease e.g. pancreatitis