CVS

Question 1

What is aortic stenosis? Where would it be heard? What type of murmur is it?

Answer 1

Narrowing of aortic valve

Heard in the aortic valve area

Ejection type murmur

Question 2

What is aortic regurgitation? Where would it be heard? What type of murmur is it?

Answer 2

Leaking of blood from aorta back into left ventricle

Just below pulmonic valve

Early diastolic murmur

Question 3

What is mitral stenosis? Where would it be heard? What type of murmur is it?

Answer 3

Narrowing of mitral valve

Heard in the mitral valve area.

Mid-late diastolic

Question 4

What is mitral regurgitation? Where would it be heard? What type of murmur is it?

Answer 4

Leaking of blood from left ventricle back into left atrium during contraction.

Heard in the mitral area

Pansystolic murmur

Question 5

What type of murmur would you hear better by using the bell on the mitral area with the patient rolled to the left?

Answer 5

Mitral stenosis

Question 6

Why do you auscultate the carotids?

Answer 6

To listen for bruits of the carotids (narrowing of the carotid arteries)

Question 7

What murmur are you listening for when you get the patient to sit forward and fully exhale?

Answer 7

Aortic regurgitation

Question 8

Inspection of the hands - what are you looking for?

Answer 8

Tar staining, clubbing, peripheral cyanosis, splinter hemorrhages

Question 9

Inspection of the face - what are you looking for?

Answer 9

Mitral facies, xanthelasma, corneal arcus, pale conjunctiva

Question 10

How would you complete the CVS exam?

Answer 10

Peripheral vascular exam, fundoscopy, temperature, urinalysis

Question 11

What is janeway lesions indicative of?

Answer 11

infective endocarditis

Question 12

What are oslers nodes indicative of?

Answer 12

infective endocarditis

Question 13

What are splinter hemorrhages indicative of?

Answer 13

infective endocarditis, lupus, RA

Question 14

What is mitral facies indicative of?

Answer 14

Mitral stenosis

Question 15

What is the normal JVP?

Answer 15

8 cm - 5 cm + 3cm above sternal angle

Question 16

What are the 2 types of thrills?

Answer 16

Systolic - in time with apex beat

diastolic - not in time with apex beat

Question 17

How do you amplify a L and R sided murmur?

Answer 17

Left sided - hold exhalation

Right sided - hold inhalation

Question 18

What does the s3 sound like? What does it indicate? When would you hear it?

Answer 18

S3 - gallop rhythm. Heard in mid diastole

Dilated cardiomyopathy

Normal in children and pregnancy

Question 19

What does the S4 indicate? When is it heard?

Answer 19

Always abnormal. Late diastole. Hypertension, aortic stenosis

Question 20

What signs would you see for left and right sided HF?

Answer 20

Left - pulomary crackles, mitral regurg, cardiomegaly

Right - ascites, raised JVP

Question 21

What signs on an ecg would you see of hyper and hypokalaemia

Answer 21

Hyper - Tall peaked T waves (mild), ST elevation (moderate), widening QRS + vent fib (severe)

Hypo - Shallow T waves, ST depression, prominent U wave