Resp. 1 (Exam 3) Flashcards
What is the purpose of the respiratory system
exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen between external environment and the blood.
Structures of the upper respiratory tract
nose, pharynx, adenoids, tonsils, epiglottis, larynx, trachea
(conducting airway)
Structures of the lower respiratory tract
Bronchi, alveoli, lungs, pleura, pleural cavity
conducting airways and gas exchange airway
What is tidal volume
total air volume inspired and expired during one breath cycle
normal tidal volume
500mL
What conditions may affect the tidal volume and why is this important
asthema, COPD leads to an insufficient air movement which causes hypoxia
What is the significance of the angle of louis? the carina?
The carina is highly sensitive and touching it during suctioning causes vigorous coughing.
- the carnia is the end of the upper respiratory tract
Ventilation
- movement of air into and out of the lungs
- involves inspiration expiration and the actual act of breathing
- getting air where it needs to go
- gas flows from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure
What is the main control center for respiration
Brainstem Medulla
The 2 basic mechanisms for ventilation
Chemical and mechanical
Chemical mechanism
A change in respiratory rate and depth (tidal volume) is based on chemical changes in body fluids
Chemorecetors
- receptors that communicate the changes in the main control center
- there are central and peripheral chemoreceptors
- a receptor that changes to the change in the chemical composition of the fluid around it
- increase in H+ (acidosis) causes the medulla to increase resp. rate and tidal volume
- decrease in H+ (alkalosis) opposite effect
Central chemo receptors are located
in the medulla
Peripheral chemo receptors are located
in the carotid bodies above and below the aortic arch
chemoreceptors respond mainly to
changes in pH, H ions, and CO2
peripheral receptors are secondarily respond to changes in O2
How chemoreceptors work
- your body attempts to rid itself of excess CO2 and to inhale O2
- as the CO2 elevates the body gets rid of it so respiration increase in rate and depth
- CO2 converts to acid and H ions so the same thing happens when the pH drops or the H ions concentration increases
- to the lesser degree as O2 levels decrease the body needs more oxygen so respirations may increase in rate and depth
Increased CO2, increase H, and Decrease pH (decrease O2) =
increased respiratory rate and tidal volume
Decease CO2, Decrease H, and Increase pH (Increase O2) =
decreased respiratory rate and tidal volume
Asouration is more likely to occur in which lung
Right lung
oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange takes place in
the respiratory bronchioles
Alveoli
are small sacs that are primary site of gas exchange in the lungs
- interconnected by pores of Kohn allow movement from alveoli to alveoli
Surfactant
is a lipoprotein that lowers the surface tension in the alveoli and decreases the tendency of the alveoli to collapse
How will a paper bag improve the patients respiratory status?
This will increase the carbon dioxide level in the bag. As you rebreath the air you just exhaled, the increased level of carbon dioxide in the air you’re taking in will increase the level of CO2 in your blood stream and restore calcium levels
Mechanical mechanisms
change respiration based on mechanical factors
- are located in the lungs upper airways chest walls and diaphragm