Cardio Exam 2 Flashcards
The heart has 3 layers what are these layers
epicardium
myocardium
endocardium
Epicardium
outside protective layer
Myocardium
middle layer of specialized cardiac muscle
Endocardium
endothelial lining of of chambers
What is the pericardium
protective sac encasing the heart;
2 fibrous layers with small amout of serous fluid separating layers for lubrication
Upper chambers of the heart
artium
lower chambers of the heart
ventricle
atria are smaller than
ventricles
Blood flows
body into right atrium and from lungs into left atrium
Atrial contraction
blood is pumped from atria into ventricles
Ventricular contraction
blood is pumped from righ ventricle into pulmonary artery and lungs, and left ventricle into aorta and arterial circulation
AV (atrioventricular) valves
- separate atria from ventricles
- they control blood flow between atria and ventricles
Tricuspid valve
between right atrium and right ventricle
has 3 leaflets
Mitral valve
between left atrium and left ventricle
has 2 leaflets
Leaflets of AV valves are connected to
papillary mucles by chordae tendons to prevent backflow
s1
first heart sound, is heard when AV valves close
Semilunar valves separate .
cardiac chambers from great vessels and control blood flow out of cardiac chambers
pulmonic valve
between right ventricle and pulmonic artery and deoxygenated blood flows through the valve to lungs
Aortic valve is between
left ventricle and aorta and oxygenated blood is pumped from heart through this valve into systemic circulation
Each semilunlar valve has
3 cusps that prevent backflow
s2
second heart sound is heard when semilunar valve close
Circulation
each side of the heart acts as a pump to circulation blood through lungs or through body to perfuse tissues
Double pump
right side responsible for pulmonary circulation, left side responsable for systemic circulation
Right heart circulation
deoxygenated blood Venous system (1 and 2) -> right atrium ( 3) -> right ventricle (4) -> lungs for oxygenation via pulmonary artery (5)