Resource Mangement

Question 1

Low Income country (LIC) and High Income country (HIC)

Answer 1

This subdivision of countries is based on the World Bank classifications (GNI per capita),
which on 2013 were Low Income $1045 or below, and High Income $12746 or above.

Question 2

Newly Emerging Economies (NEEs)

Answer 2

Countries that have begun to experience high rates of economic development, usually with rapid industrialisation they differ from LICs ( Low income countries) in that they no longer rely primarily on agriculture, have made gains in infrastructure and industrial growth, and are experiencing increasing incomes and high levels of investment e.g. Brazil, Russia and South Africa (The so-called BRICS countries)

Question 3

Resource

Answer 3

a stock or supply of something that has a value or a purpose. The three most important are food, energy and water.

Question 4

Resource Management

Answer 4

The control and monitoring of resources so that they do not become depleted or exhausted.

Question 5

Industrialisation

Answer 5

An increase in the processing of raw materials and the manufacturing of goods in factories.

Question 6

Agribusiness

Answer 6

Application of business skills to agriculture (treating farm as a business)

Question 7

Local food sourcing

Answer 7

A method of food production and distribution that is local, rather than national and/or international. Food is grown (or raised) and harvested close to consumer’s homes, then distributed over much shorter distances

Question 8

Malnutrition

Answer 8

A poorly-balanced diet lacking in vitamins and minerals which leads to health problems.

Question 9

Undernutrition

Answer 9

Not having enough food in terms of calories consumed per day. (Daily calorie guidelines for being healthy are about 2,500 calories for men and 2,000 calories for women.

Question 10

Food Miles

Answer 10

The distance covered supplying food to customers.

Question 11

Organic Produce

Answer 11

Food that is produced using environmentally and animal friendly farming methods on organic farms. Artificial fertilisers are banned and farmers develop fertile soil by rotating crops and using compost, manure and clover. It must be free of synthetic additives like pesticides and dyes

Question 12

Fossil Fuels

Answer 12

A natural fuel such as coal or gas, formed in the geological past from the remains of living organisms

Question 13

Carbon Footprint

Answer 13

A measure of all the greenhouse gases we individually produce, through burning fossil fuels for electricity, transport etc, expressed as tonnes (or kg) of carbon dioxide equivalent. Carbon footprints can be calculated for countries and for individuals (it is ‘carbon footprint per capita’ when averaged on a per person basis in a country).

Question 14

Ecological footprint

Answer 14

A measurement of how much area of biologically productive land and water an individual (or population) requires to produce all the resources needed to sustain the lifestyle and to absorb the waste that is generated. The ecological footprint is measured in global hectares.

Question 15

Water scarcity

Answer 15

This refers to the problem in which there is a lack of sufficient fresh water to meet the demands of people in a particular region (such as water for farming and/or household use). It is estimated that nearly 3 billion people in the world experience problems of water scarcity (of which around 800 million people lack regular access to safe, clean drinking water).