F summer trial words

Question 1

Orbital changes

Answer 1

Changes the pathway of the Earth around the sun

Question 2

Quaternary period

Answer 2

The period of geological time from about 2.6 million years ago to the present. It is characterised by the appearance and development of humans and includes the Pleistocene and Holocene Epochs

Question 3

Abrasion

Answer 3

Erosion caused by rocks and boulders in the base of the glacier acting like a giant file scratching and scraping the rocks below

Question 4

Arête

Answer 4

A sharp, knife-like ridge formed between two corries cutting back by processes of erosion and freeze thaw.

Question 5

Bulldozing

Answer 5

Ice pushes material of all shapes and sizes as it moves slowly forwards

Question 6

Conservation

Answer 6

Managing the environment in order to preserve, protect or restore it

Question 7

Corrie or (Cirque)

Answer 7

Armchair-shaped hollow in the mountainside formed by glacial erosion, rotational slip and freeze-thaw weathering.This is where the valley glacier begins. When the ice melts, it can leave a small circular lake called a tarn

Question 8

Drumlin

Answer 8

A hill made of glacial till deposited by a moving glacier, usually elongated or oval in shape, with the longer axis parallel to the former direction of ice

Question 9

Erratics

Answer 9

Rocks which have been transported and deposited by a glacier some distance from their source region

Question 10

Freeze-thaw weathering or (Frost-shattering)

Answer 10

It occurs in cold climates when the temperatures are often around freezing point and where exposed rocks contain many cracks. Water enters the cracks during the warmer day and freezes during the colder night. As the water turns into ice it expands and exerts pressure on the surrounding rock, causing pieces to break off

Question 11

Glacial trough

Answer 11

A river valley widened and deepened by erosive action of glaciers; it becomes ‘U’ shaped instead of the normal ‘V’ shape of a river valley

Question 12

Hanging Valley

Answer 12

A tributary valley to the main glacier, too cold and high up for ice to be able to easily move. It therefore was not eroded as much as the lower main valley and today is often the site for a waterfall crashing several hundred metres to the main valley floor.

Question 13

Land use Conflicts

Answer 13

Disagreements which arise when different users of the land do not agree on how it should be used

Question 14

Moraine

Answer 14

Frost-shattered rock debris and materials eroded from the valley floor and sides, transported and deposited by glaciers

Question 15

Outwash

Answer 15

Material, chiefly sand or gravel, deposited by meltwater streams in front of, and underneath, a glacier. The material is sorted and rounded by water action

Question 16

Plucking

Answer 16

A type of erosion where meltwater in the glacier freezes onto rocks and as the ice moves forward it plucks or pulls out large pieces along the rock joints

Question 17

Pyramidal Peak

Answer 17

Where several corries cut back to meet at a central point, the mountain takes the form of a steep pyramid.

Question 18

Ribbon Lake

Answer 18

A long, narrow lake found in glaciated valleys formed in the locations where the glacier had more erosive power, eg in areas of softer rock, where the valley gradient temporarily steepened or a tributary glacier joined the main valley.

Question 19

Rotational Slip

Answer 19

This occurs when the ice moves in circular motion. This process can help to erode hollows in the landscape, and deepen hollows into bowl shapes.

Question 20

Till

Answer 20

An unsorted mixture of sand, clay and boulders carried by a glacier and deposited as ground moraine over a large area.

Question 21

Truncated Spur

Answer 21

A former river valley spur which has been sliced off by a valley glacier, forming cliff-like edges.

Question 22

Abiotic (2)

Answer 22

Relating to non-living things

Question 23

Biotic (2)

Answer 23

Relating to living things

Question 24

Consumer (2)

Answer 24

Creature that eats animals and/or plant matter

Question 25

Decomposer(2)

Answer 25

An organism such as bacterium or fungus, that breaks down dead tissue, which is then recycled by the environment

Question 26

Ecosystem(2)

Answer 26

A community of plants and animals that interact with each other and their physical environment

Question 27

Food Chain(2)

Answer 27

The connections between different organisms (plants and animals) that rely on one another as their source of food

Question 28

Food Web(2)

Answer 28

A complex hierarchy of plants and animals relying on each other for food.

Question 29

Nutrient Cycling(2)

Answer 29

A set of processes whereby organisms extract minerals necessary for growth from soil or water, before passing them through the food chain - and ultimately back to the soil and water.

Question 30

Global Ecosystem(2)

Answer 30

Very large ecological areas on the earth’s surface (or biomes), with fauna and flora (animals and plants) adapting to their environment. Examples include tropical rainforest and hot desert.

Question 31

Producer (2)

Answer 31

An organism or plant that is able to absorb energy from the sun through photosynthesis

Question 32

Biodiversity (3)

Answer 32

The variety of life in the world or a particular habitat

Question 33

Commercial farming(3)

Answer 33

Farming to sell produce for a profit to retailers or food processing companies

Question 34

Deforestation(3)

Answer 34

The chopping down and removal of trees to clear an area of forest

Question 35

Logging(3)

Answer 35

The business of cutting down trees and transporting the logs to sawmills

Question 36

Mineral Extraction(3)

Answer 36

The removal of solid mineral resources from the Earth. These resources include ores, which contain commercially valuable amounts of metals, such as iron and aluminium; precious stones, such as diamonds; building stones such as granite and solid fuels, such as coal and oil shale

Question 37

Soil Erosion(3)

Answer 37

Removal of topsoil faster than it can be replaced, due to the natural (water and wind action), animal, and human activity. Topsoil is the top layer of soil and is the most fertile because it contains the most organic, nutrient-rich materials

Question 38

Subsistence farming(3)

Answer 38

A type of agriculture producing food and materials for the benefit only of the farmer and his family