resource management

Question 1

why is food resource significant, and what are some inequalities

Answer 1

good diets lead to productivity and boosted economy, malnutrition leads to poor health and unproductivity

2 billion have poorly balanced diets lacking minerals and vitamins
US has most food production and most obesity, and still has hunger

Question 2

why is water resource significant, and what are some inequalities

Answer 2

water is essential for crops and drinking

climate change causes supply imbalance
by 2025, 50 countries will be facing scarcity

Question 3

why is energy resource significant, and what are some inequalities

Answer 3

needed for homes (light, heat, power), and for economic growth (power factories)

unbalanced between hics and lics
nees demand more as they become industrialised, trading pattern changes

Question 4

physical water scarcity vs economic water scarcity

Answer 4

physical - not enough to meet everyones needs
economic - area cannot afford infrastructure to supply to people

Question 5

what is the inequality in demanding high value food from lics

Answer 5

farmers in lics get paid little for food with high prices in the uk, supermarket and transport take most of money

Question 6

what food demands are being made

Answer 6

exotic foods, out of season food, organic food, foreign food

Question 7

why is food demand expanding

Answer 7

foreign travel and diverse population have changed eating habits

Question 8

how can we reduce food miles and carbon footprint

Answer 8

agribusiness (large commercial farms with modern technology)

local sourcing - farmers markets reduce food miles, processing and packaging, and waste (imperfect food is sold)

Question 9

example of food miles

Answer 9

lamb travels 18 800 km from new zealand

Question 10

why do we need food from other countries e.g tomato

Answer 10

carbon footprint would be more in uk as the uk needs heated greenhouses

Question 11

why is local sourcing good for food resource

Answer 11

food miles and carbon footprint reduced
less processing and packaging
less waste - shops dont sell “imperfect” food

Question 12

cons of local sourcing

Answer 12

limited choice eg no foreign foods

Question 13

what are agribusinesses and why are they used

Answer 13

large commercial farms, often a part of an international business, that has high levels of investment

they maximise production using modern and efficient technology, and scientific research

Question 14

describe the relationship between water supply and water demand

Answer 14

north and west have water surplus - higher rainfall and lower population
south and east have water deficit - lower rainfall and higher population

Question 15

why is water hard to transfer

Answer 15

high cost
potential damage of ecosystems
greenhouse emissions from electricity needed for pump

Question 16

what are the main causes of water pollution

Answer 16

agriculture - chemicals
urban - detergents, minute plastic (runoff)
industrial - mine water, oil spill

Question 17

how has the uks energy mix changed

Answer 17

• 3/4 from fossil fuels in 1990
• now dominated by renewables, especially wind
• dependent on imported energy as the uk supplies have reduced, no longer self sufficient

Question 18

impacts using fossil fuels as energy source

Answer 18

• job opportunities
• emissions
• fracking (injecting rock to extract gas) led to earthquake in lancashire

Question 19

impacts of renewable energy

Answer 19

• no emissions
• often dependent on environment
• visual and noise pollution

Question 20

impacts of nuclear energy

Answer 20

• job opportunity
• no emissions when running
• decommissioned after use, expensive
• risk of contamination of highly dangerous radioactive material

Question 21

why is food consumption increasing

Answer 21

• economic development (higher SoL)
• pop growth
• improvements in transport and storage means higher availability

Question 22

factors that affect food supply

Answer 22

climate - limits amount/variety, floods from climate change
pests - locust devastate crops, tsetse fly widespread cattle death
poverty - cannot afford irrigation/fetiliser
technology - low yield. unskilled - salinisation

Question 23

what is food insecurity

Answer 23

having no reliable access to enough affordable, nutritious food

Question 24

impacts of food insecurity

Answer 24

famine
rising prices
soil erosion
undernutrition
social unrest

Question 25

how can food insecurity lead to famine

Answer 25

eg somalia low rainfall, poor harvests, death of livestock, lead to famine that killed over 250 000

Question 26

how can food insecurity lead to rising prices

Answer 26

high prices for fertiliser, storage, and transport, increases food prices LICs & NEES cannot afford balanced diet

Question 27

how can food insecurity lead to soil erosion

Answer 27

farmers attempting to produce more food and meet demand can cause overgrazing/overcultivation

Question 28

how can food insecurity lead to social unrest

Answer 28

riots due to increased prices 2011, cooking oil and flour prices doubled. five days of riots in algeria, four killed

Question 29

how can food insecurity lead to undernutrition

Answer 29

leads to lack of balanced diet causes 300 000 deaths annually, and half of all child deaths

Question 30

how can we increase food supply

Answer 30

irrigation new green revolution aeroponics/hydroponics appropriate technology biotechnology

Question 31

assess how irrigation increases food supply

Answer 31

artificially watering land from water sources - crops can be grown on arid/semi arid land - more commercial farming - uneducated farmers may not know how to manage it, leads to salinisation, making soil infertile

Question 32

assess how aeroponics increase food supply

Answer 32

plants sprayed with mist containing nutrients - increased yields -lower production cost - requires greenhouse in winter months. heating and lighting is expensive and requires energy

Question 33

assess how hydroponics increase food supply

Answer 33

plants grown in gravel or mineral-rich water - increased yields -lower production cost - avoids pests and disease found in soil - requires greenhouse in winter months. heating and lighting is expensive and requires energy

Question 34

assess how new green revolution increases food supply

Answer 34

focuses on sustainability using modern farming techniques eg soil conservation - better quality - higher yield: bahir, india has double rice output - fertilisers and pesticides can be expensive for smaller farmers - eutrophocation

Question 35

assess how biotechnology increases food supplu

Answer 35

uses living organisms to modify products to have desired characteristics, eg gm crops - better quality and yield - can made to be disease resistant - concern about lack of research surrounding health effects of eating them

Question 36

assess how appropriate technology increases food supply

Answer 36

food production techniques suited to the conditions of the area and people - beneficial in poorer countries, as little skill require for little cost - often small scale, limits impacts

Question 37

what is the indus basin irrigation system

Answer 37

largest irrigation scheme in world, irrigating dry agricultural land in pakistan

Question 38

features of ibis

Answer 38

three large dams and 100+ smaller to regulate flow over 1.6 million km of ditches and streams to provide water

Question 39

advantages of ibis

Answer 39

40% more land for agriculture increased crop yields - diets improved hep from large dams

Question 40

disadvantages of ibis

Answer 40

population growth continues demand salinisation damages soil high costs to maintain reservoir

Question 41

what is sustainable food supply

Answer 41

ensures fertile soil, water, environmental resources are available for future generations

Question 42

three examples of sustaining food supply with brief descriptions

Answer 42

organic farming - no fertilisers/pesticides permaculture - growing food using natural systems eg rainwater harvesting and composting urban farming - growing food on or in settlements fish from sustainable sources - quotas and encouraging breeding meat from sustainable sources - free range livestock,

Question 43

pros of organic farming

Answer 43

no eutrophocation maintains water quality for future maintains biodiversity

Question 44

cons of organic farming

Answer 44

labour costs are higher resulting is higher production costs, fewer customers

Question 45

pros of permaculture

Answer 45

local, food miles reduced fewer resources, improving sustainability and slf sufficiency for future

Question 46

cons of permaculture

Answer 46

small scale, requires everyone

Question 47

pros of urban farming

Answer 47

use of unused space: alleviates loss of farmland due to urban growth visually improves urban area - wellbeing, air,

Question 48

disadvantages of urban farming

Answer 48

small scale, requires everyone cannot graze cattle; meat and fish must be farmed elsewhere

Question 49

pros and cons of sustainable fishing

Answer 49

maintains fish population as younger fish can breed - more use of technology, so higher cost

Question 50

pros and cons of meat sustainability

Answer 50

- better animal welfare, attracts customers - land space

Question 51

how to reduce food waste

Answer 51

- sealed plastic bags to make fresh food last - improved storage using refrigeration - process surplus food to increase shelf-life