nigeria Flashcards
global importance of nigeria
- 15th largest oil exporter, 2.2% of worlds supply
- rich in raw material - offers investments to tncs eg shell
- major contributor to UN peacekeeping
regional importance of nigeria
- highest farm output in africa: 35% employed in agriculture
- most populated, highest gdp, and fastest growing economies in africa - huge potential
nigeria political context
- colonised by uk, people exploited
- gained independence in 1960
- past of corrupt government, stunted development
nigeria social context
- very diverse in ethnicity and faith, leads to conflict eg civil wars
- economic inequality between islamic north and christian south creates unstable ethnic tensions
nigeria cultural context
- music eg afrobeats
- cinema eg nollywood, 2nd largest film industry in world
- nigerian players in premier league
nigeria environmental context
- decreasing rainfall to the north, rainforests to sub-saharan marginal land
- suffers deforestation, forest fires, oil spills
describe nigeria’s income and economy
oil is 90% of income
mainly tertiary and secondary
fast-growing manufacturing sector, 13% of gdp
how does manufacturing affect nigerias economic development
- more tax paid to government
- attracts foreign investment
- multiplier effect: stimulates growth for other industries eg soap, plastics
example of a tnc in nigeria
nigeria is rich in oils, difficult to extract. shell oil invests to extract oils.
advantages of tncs in nigeria with examples
- employment and new skill
- investment in local infrastructure and education
- more money spent in economy
shell
- almost 10 000 jobs created
- $50 000 spend on healthcare annually, benefitting 250 000
- 3000 scholarships to secondary and uni students
disadvantages of tncs in nigeria with example
- poor working conditions - exploited
- higher paid jobs eg management still go to workers from TNC’s country
shell:
- oil spills pollute water and soil, large sectors of agriculture and fishing impacted
- most oil exported to USA to be refined, profit does not go to nigeria
describe political links of nigeria
- member of commonwealth: provides trade and cultural links b/w nations involved and provides advice on many issues
- significant contribution to UN peacekeeping
- member of trading groups eg ECOWAS and CEN-SAD
describe trade links of nigeria
- crude oil dominates exports
- originally, biggest customer was USA, however development of shale oil means less demand, biggest customer now India
- important exports: EU - 22%, india, USA
- exported goods: crude petroleum, cocoa, cotton
- important imports: china - 26%, EU, india
- imported goods: refined petroleum from EU and USA, cars from brazil
emergency aid vs developmental aid
emergency - follows natural disaster or conflict
developmental - long-term support aimed to improve QoL
why does nigeria need aid
- many have limited access to water, sanitation, electricity
- 60% live under $1 a day
- high birth rates and infant mortality, low life expectancy
how has aid benefitted nigeria
- USA provided protection and education for HIV/AIDs
- NGO provides education on malaria and anti-mosquito nets
- world bank approved $500 million loan to fund development projects to businesses
limits of aid in nigeria
- corruption
- can be argued that aid is given to promote commercial self-interest of donor
benefits of development of quality of life
- better pay: higher disposable income for clothing, transport, etc
- electricity and heating: homework, cooking, entertainment
- better diet
- better healthcare and better equipped
challenges of development on quality of life
- 40% still live below poverty line
- corruption means money from oil is not spent responsibly
- lower oil prices and oil developments elsewhere endangers nigerias future as they rely on oil incomes
limitations of quality of life improving with development
must:
- fair and stable government for responsible investments
- combat issues of development eg oil spills, deforestation, waste disposal
- cope with conflicts between tribal and religious groups
environmental impacts of development
industrial growth
urban growth
mining and oil extraction
commercial farming and deforestation
how does development in industrial growth impact the environment
- pollutants go directly into water channels, harm people and ecosystems
- respiratory and heart problems
- 96% forest destroyed for urban and agricultural expansion
how does urban growth impact the environment
- increased waste disposal
- increased congestion
- construction ruins habitats
how does development in mining and soil extraction impact the environment
chemical and oil spills
eg ogale - over 40 oil spills between 2013 and 2014
- fishing and farming communities rely on stream
- contamination of groundwater is 1000x higher than nigerian laws, detrimental to ecosystems
- bille community loses main food source: fish
how does commercial farming and deforestation affect environment
- commercial farming increases eutrophication
- forest cleared for space eg agriculture
- degrades soil, soil erosion
